The Study of Simon’s Character in Lord of the Flies

From a Freudian perspective, the tripartite components of the human psyche—id, ego, and superego —are enacted symbolically by Jack, Ralph and Piggy, in the respective order. Simon’s existence in the story serves no purpose to portray this psychic mechanism whereas the other three main characters wrestle with each other and attempt at role balancing in response to survival need. Jack is the id-ridden one, who follows the primitive instinct of the body, and hunting and killing to his satisfaction at any cost.Obviously, even as one of the Hunters, Simon’s apathy about hunting and his abstinence from eating meat evince the dominion of his mind over his body. Considering the superego, readers might confuse Simon with Piggy and equate their roles as both of them stand for the ethical voice on the island, trying to maintain moral standards by which the ego, Ralph, operates. In fact, the characteristics possessed by Piggy are more consistent with the core of super ego.Intending to be socially conventional, Piggy constructs an ethical frame according to the rules imposed by adults, by which he emphasizes their importance whenever in the face of injustice. In contrast, Simon knows man’s essential illness as a result of long time introspection, in a natural shelter concealed in undergrowth from humanity. On the other hand, Simon’s altruistic tendency, shown by his feeding of the hungry horde of neglected littluns, intensifies his saintliness, as the divisions of the psyche essentially embody three levels of desires.Recalling the scene when Simon, Ralph and Jack find the candle-like plant, the difference in their interactions with the outside world is clearly demonstrated. Ralph denies their illuminating functions and Jack shows contempt for their inedible quality. They associate an external object with its possible practical use in reality. Simon differs in â€Å"seeing† the candle buds, treating an experience as a pure comm union, through which insights would have developed according to his sense of impression. Such internal individual perception is limited to affect his inner world of beliefs, but never the others’.This account for the great difficulty Simon encounters when he tries to explain the beast that he â€Å"sees†, actually a concept, is true when those utilitarians cannot even understand Piggy’s practical and logical consequence. Another item worth mentioning is Simon’s inclination to be internally or spiritually satisfied—he detects the candle buds after telling his companions that he is hungry. Candles are a commonly used decoration in religious venues, generally meaning a connection to spirit. Similar instance occurs when the others think that he would be bathing in the lagoon, he seeks solitude— a cleansing of his mind.Although realizing that the beast-innate evil nature of mankind does exist, Simon is steadfast in his faith in original virtue of humanity, which was once heroic and sick. If the island is personified as a female, Simon is prone to embrace its beauty and tranquility, meditates alone in a glade surrounded by white glimmering flowers of the candle buds, which symbolize mankind’s spiritual purity. He is not ever disturbed by the affirmed discovery of the beast, and feels completely at ease with going by himself across the forest to rejoin Piggy’s group.The other boys interpret the island in an opposite manner, and become more aware of her danger and hostility as time passes by, giving vent to this restlessness by claiming the existence of the beast. During an assembly, Simon makes a valiant and unsuccessful effort to indicate the essence of the beast- â€Å"maybe it is only us†, implying that he expects the beast is one of the two dimensions of our nature . Then he questions the crowd, asking â€Å"what is the dirtiest thing there is? †, assuming mankind’s natural tendency to h ave an affinity with the clean- the virtuous side of himself.This belief is radically undermined when he witnesses the brutal killing of a sow with a sense of violent sexual imagery comparing it to a rape, rendering the glade a filthy and bloody place. The concrete ugliness of the body—the spilled guts and the pungent smell, juxtaposes with the abstract one—the hunters’ indulgences to bestial impulse . Nature, which he used to hold in regard for her sacred beauty, is tainted with the sin of flesh, where its root is man’s body, an indispensable part since birth.The pig’s head on a stake, foul but magnetizing a flock of flies, changes into the Lord of the Flies in Simon’s hallucination, in which he remains conscious, suggested by his comment on the self-proclaimed beast- merely â€Å"a Pig's head on a stick†. The Lord of the Flies is an externalization of human sin envisaged by Simon, acting as a medium for presenting his inner conflict with choosing between compliance and self-preservation, the ignorant lie and the despairing truth, at last the abusiveness of evil and the fragility of virtue.Through the monologue in a form of phantasm, Simon refutes his previous notion of human nature and brings a new definition to it—the beast is part of us instead of being in dichotomy; â€Å"Fancy thinking the Beast was something you could hunt and kill! † he said to himself. He comes to recognize his own plight and that of the island, having a premonition of death as the Lord of the Flies promises to have â€Å"fun† on the island. Awake, Simon defies the threat and accepts his fate, as â€Å"What else is there to do? †.He undergoes a physical and spiritual transformation-â€Å"The usual brightness was gone from his eyes and he walked with a sort of glum determination like an old man†. The unmasking of the supposed beast on the top of the mountain which he finds to be a dead parachutist, conf irms his belief- the beast is within us. Before climbing down the mountain to make public the truth, he frees the corpse of the fallen man from the bondage in compassion, with a significance of â€Å"dust thou art, to dust returnest†, enabling nature to purge the sin from the body.In his last and desperate attempt in liberating mankind from sin, Simon fails, albeit his love and unwavering faith in mankind, believing that confronting the truth would achieve them a conversion into goodness. His death is inevitable, as a testament to his hypothesis—he stumbles into a circle of insanity before he can explain the nonexistence of the beast, then being torn apart by a group of dancing and chanting â€Å"beasts† that have their predatory instinct unleashed and their identities lost. In the arms of the sea, a sign of life’s eternality, Simon finds the homeland of his soul.The ‘strange, moonbeam-bodied creatures with fiery eyes’ that forms a halo aroun d his head give a little consolation to his death, but they are actually low form of life similar to flies, which are aesthetically accepted by nobody. It is Simon’s noble spirit, under that decaying body, makes them glow. Simon’s death produces no corrective effect on the boys’ ignorance of their inner beast, as ironical as his death, most of the boys give in to such bestiality afterwards so as to gain a psychologically completeness of the brutalities that they have committed, and the island soon ends up being an earthly hell in blaze.The participation of Ralph and Piggy in Simon’s murder, driven by the need to join the â€Å"demented but partly secure society†, indicates the irreversible loss of the boys’ innocence to animality, as the two are the only left on behalf of rationality, yet being insensible to the internal beast, believing that ‘evil is somewhere else’. Even for Piggy, who reasons scientifically, has his own limit ation to reach the understanding of their defects by nature, and simply concludes Simon’s death as an accident when he ants to exculpate himself. This explains the futility of Science when tackling with the dark side of humanity. The story itself is a miniature of mankind history, and the reason for the collapse of a society can be inferred- neither determined by the fire nor the conch. The former represents technology—can be the first spark ever ignited but also a destructive atomic bomb, helps, at the same time, totally destroys civilization.And the latter refers to a democratic parliamentary system which Golding had elaborated on in his speech-â€Å"The moral is that the shape of a society must depend on the ethical nature of the individual and not on any political system however apparently logical or respectable. † Therefore, Simon is the final resolution for all chaos, who exemplifies the ideal moral that individual should have- he is temperate in sensual d esire, sacrifices for mankind’s welfare expecting nothing in return, sees through man’s latent ill nature but martyr for a faint possibility of healing it.Nonetheless, here comes the paradox- Simon is not a convincing character that can come to life. The author had him idealistically created and endowed him a propensity to put overly the spiritual above the material: basically, he does not express the normal desire to survive, neither in a primitive society nor a civilized one, for the structural model of psyche is inapplicable to him. Again, he spontaneously has an insight into human nature with a covert thinking process, likely to produce an ill-founded outcome for his reliance on idealism (of philosophy) if being in reality.Rather than calling him an idealistic thinker, he suits better to the role of a visionary, having a supernatural intuition that Ralph could go home eventually. Thus the only way to justify for his motivations is that he is deliberately intended t o be a Christ figure, admitted by Golding in an interview, in which he also said, â€Å"What so many intelligent people†¦find, is that Simon is incomprehensible. †¦a person (Simon) like this cannot exist without a good God.Therefore the illiterate person finds Simon extremely easy to understand†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In â€Å"Lord of the Flies†, Simon is designed to be a symbol of religion, because of the parallelism between his fate and Jesus’s which is found by many critics. Unlike Jesus, Simon’s death is not redemption of the world from sin. It indeed coincides with an assertion made before the outbreak of World War II, by a German philosopher, Friedrich Nietzsche—†God is dead†, literally meaning that the conventional Christian God is no longer a feasible source of any absolute moral principles.

Foreignness. Interpreter of Maladies: Stories Essay

           The state of being a foreign is when a thing or a person is defined to be in a place where it, he or she does not originally belong. To elaborate this more, being introduced from outside also explains the state of being foreigner. From the mentioned definition, foreignness as a theme is how the writer (in our context lahiri) tries to express the whole idea of being a foreigner. Foreignness as a theme can also have a different meaning apart from being in a place where you do not belong. This other meaning reveals foreignness as slavery of today that enables people from one part of a planet to buy cheap goods produced by other people from another part of the country working in a slave like condition in a supply chain that runs across the planet.             In the narration â€Å"interpreter of maladies†, lahiri tries to revel the themes of barrier to human and opportunities for human communication, if this is deeply explored, it shows kind of foreignness. From our definition of foreign, (being in a place where you don’t belong) when a barrier of communication is placed on human (who is a social being) it places him or her in another world of solitude thus making him or her foreigner in his new state (Lahiri, 98). Foreignness as a theme is also explained by how lahiri take a view of the community and its practises on marital, extra marital, parent child relationship and dichotomy of care and neglect.            Lahiri’s ideas on the community explain the theme of foreignness through many comparisons throughout her narration. An example of how foreignness can affect a person life is seen when Mrs. Sen’s severe home sickness is compared to adoptability of Lilia’s mother and Mara. The severe home sickness is as a result of Mrs. Sen not being where she belongs. Another instance of foreignness as a theme is seen in Shakumars case. Despite his parent living in India with him, they had settled in New Hamshire and they preferred not travelling with him to Hamshire. †As a teenager, he preferred sailing camp and scooping ice during summer holidays to going to Calcutta†. This was due to the fact that they feared that something bad might happen to their son in a foreign country. Reason behind this was the boy once almost died following an attack of amoebic dysentery. The attack was as a result of the boy being taken from where he belonged (India) to a foreign country (new hamshire). As Shakumars grew older and realised the importance of not be a foreigner, he opted to be left behind sailing and scooping ice at India to going to Calcutta with his parents.            From the story â€Å"When Mr. Pirzada came to dine† it is clear how being a foreigner gets unnecessary attention from the people to whom he does not belong. This is evidenced by how a child takes note of how Mr. Pirzada arranges his pocket watch on a coffee table. .†Now that I had learned that Mr Pirzada was not an Indian started to study him with extra care to try to figure out what made him different’’ (jhumpa lahiri).             It was not clear to this child observing him how the pocket watch should be arranged on the coffee table but him being a foreigner made the child believe that he was doing things differently from the way they should be done. This incidence also explains how being different from other can make you look like a foreigner (Lahiri, 161).From this context, Mr.pirzada’s decision to partition the country made him different from the others thus making him a foreigner. Still in trying to express how different people can judge you as being a foreigner, Mr. kapasi sees the Desi family as foreigners.â€Å"the family looked Indians but dressed like foreigners†(jhumpa lahiri, 159) despite their children are dressed with stiff brightly colour clothes and caps with translucent visors makes kapasi judge the Desi’s as foreigners.             â€Å"A temporary matter† is a story inside interpreter of maladies. In this story, main focus is rested upon the sense of displacement attached to immigration experience. Here she explains foreignness as the sense of belonging to a particular place and culture and yet at the same time being an outsider to another (Lahiri, 113).This whole idea brings indifferent within the person involved making him or her feel a foreigner (not being where he belong). A study of lahiri’s stories by Asha Choubey revels that Indians who have settled abroad are afflicted with the sense of being in exile. From her summary of Lahiri’s stories, Asha Choubey notes that a sense of exile and being prone to getting subjected to frequent denial of human communication is found in all lahiri’s stories. Once a person becomes subjected to denial of his or her communication right rights he feels a foreigner because he or she is not in his or her state (his or her real sense have been in a way been uprooted from him or her).             Broken marriage like that of that Booli Ma makes her feel a foreigner. This is seen by the way she enumerated twice a day as she swept the stairwell she could remember of her plights and losses ever since she got deported to Calcutta after partition. Was it not for the fact that she was a foreigner at Calcutta she could not have remembered all the bitter memories. It’s due to the loneliness that she gets after being made a foreigner at Calcutta that she recalls all the good she had at her previous home. She goes ahead recalling her separation with her husband, four daughters, her two-story brick house and her coffer boxes.             Mirandas foreignness makes her so frightened that she holds her breath as she walked passed along side Dixit’s house. She is so frightened that she even compares this fear to the one that she felt as the school bus passed cemetery (Lahiri, 97). From these exposures cited from lahiri’s stories, it’s clear that if one is subjected to being a foreigner he or she feels not accepted by the new environment. This is seen by how all characters mentioned above keep on recalling and reflecting their past at the places they originally belonged.             To further elaborate this, lahiri once again points at the behaviour of mentioned earlier character who is Mrs. Sen. She gets married to Mr Sen. which implies that she had to be a foreigner at her husband’s place. Once there she is obsessed by how people from her behaved. She points a scene before the wedding about how women would gather to prepare food. She states that it was hard for her to sleep listening to their chatter. She even goes ahead to ask Eliot if she screamed at night whether anybody could help.’’ If I began to scream right now at the top of my lung, would someone come†? (jhumpa lahiri, 116). Like Mirando, her being in new environment makes her so afraid that she can’t sleep. This makes her so homesick that she misses the community she had in India that which is defined by taking care of each other rather than which she was now experiencing of being intrusive in the lives of others.             Mrs. Sen also experiences difficulties in her foreign place in that she fearfully drives. Her ability to become distracted when driving marks her as someone lost in her own world making less the cautious to the needs and safety of other drivers. In an attempt to negotiate the road as Eliot’s mother, she finds herself being a very careless driver who causes a minor accident to Eliot and herself. All this was caused by her being new to America. Again foreignness as a theme evidenced.               The aspect of foreignness is somehow linked to change of behaviour traits of characters seen in her stories. Many characters find themselves changing their behaviours in an attempt to adapt to their new environment (Lahiri, 126). For others it’s so wanting that they find themselves doing things that they later regret. An example is Miranda who made was ashamed of herself for making love with Dev. The act disturbs her that when she has nothing to do she goes to an Indian hotel and orders Indians food. She is so carried away by Indian language that she even wants to her name to an Indian one. It is clear then that people who are exposed to foreignness will evolve after having succumbed to their new culture.             As represented by lahiri from two stories that were set from other stories, it’s clear that being a foreigner denies one a chance to fully express his thoughts. An example is taken from          â€Å"A Real Durwan† and â€Å"The Treatment of Bibi Hardar†. In these two stories, the characters involved that is Boori Ma and Bibi Hardar are foreigners. They are used to show dichotomy carefulness and carelessness. To start with Boori Ma is described as a woman refugee who takes up man duties. The aspect of carelessness is seen when we first meet her inspecting her torn beddings for insects (Lahiri, 197). One of her neighbour took sympathy on her and asked if she thought the neighbours would give her some new bedding. Being a refugee it meant she was a foreigner and that is the neighbour took no interest in caring for her. Her on the other had being a care taker of the building took her time in sweeping the compound twice a day and more still she kept suspicious people off the building . This shows how careful she was handling he neighbours despite them not noticing her efforts.             On the other hand, â€Å"treatment of Bibi harder† shows a completely different picture from that of â€Å"A Real Durwan† here, Bibi although suffering from epilepsy was given attention by the whole of community the community continued with its support for her until her father died. Once that happened, her care was taken to her neglect cousin Hardar and his wife. This to her was foreignness due to the fact that her being taken care of belonged to her passed father. The death of her father made her a foreigner in her cousin’s care. Later on this foreignness made the people who used to take care of her neglect her. It is then clear that foreignness can subject an individual great suffering more one is a foreigner in a place where dichotomy is an issue (Lahiri, 201). Reference Lahiri, Jhumpa. Interpreter of Maladies: Stories. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999. Internet resource. Source document

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MGM600-0803B-02 Applied Managerial Decision-Making - Phase 4 Group Project - Essay Example Factor analysis is a regressive element to showcase the company’s worth and standing in a given period. It does this by combination of factors as the name suggests. It does not allow for what is not factor to impinge in the analysis. It is devoid of any method and simply analytical. It reduces space from larger number of variables to smaller number of factors (Factor Analysis). We are dealing with factor analysis. We want to find out why and when factor analysis is to be preferred to other form of statistics. There is sometimes preference for factor analysis. It takes precedence over other form of statistics. There is the case when factor analysis was preferred over other form of statistics. It is like this. In a case where â€Å"not applicable† was confused with â€Å"strongly disagree† or â€Å"strongly agree† it was ultimately decided the best course of action was to remove â€Å"not applicable† altogether. Nothing was lost (4 Factor Analysis). Figure this out with another system. The cluster analysis will find it difficult to use same example because it treats â€Å"not applicable† as part of the cluster (Cluster Analysis). Even in the case of Multidimensional Scaling the acceptance of â€Å"not applicable† is there (Multivariate Statistics). Thus, we conclude the importance of factor analysis. It significantly narrows down the endeavor of any enterprise by pruning the elements in the analysis. It functions on the basis of relevant

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Burberry Case Study - Essay Example Then the beginning was good, and facilitated further purchase in also other countries of Europe and the world. As the phrase on finance says, â€Å"Capital is added to capital†. Then by raising its production, Burberry proceeded to more investments, being able to increase its profits, by keeping quality, starting to produce more items in a variety of goods, such s perfumes, and several kinds of accessories as well as increasing production variety of its initial goods. Then this gave Burberry the chance to expand to markets all over the world, and throughout year’s conquest the whole world, by multiplying its funds. Some other factors, like production of military uniforms, before the I World War indeed, contributed to creating some favouring circumstances for potential customers, that increased by the years. Also and most important, there have been some keen managers, really interested in the job, who also, managed to create a changing mentality of people and potential b uyers, under the dominating scheme and emblem that not only prosperous and wealthy ones, should be able to have access to the wonderful and exceptional products of Burberry, but more or less any buyer of middle class should be able to afford Burberry’s products. ... Also some other implementations such as SAP and it’s strategies proposed included in IT technologies investments, and moreover and most important, the ability of Burberry to adapt to new market conditions all the time, throughout its organized marketing managements as above have contributed not only to its survival but also its constant growth and development. 2. Explain the criteria and the different segmentation methods which can be used by Burberry (10 marks). Burberry an established brand in clothes, accessories and perfumes, should focus on an organized marketing management in order to assure its position in the global market. Criteria should be focused on axes of management, such as enhancement of retail sales, and the appropriate training of staff, implementation of e-commerce and sales online, for example by SAP and IT technologies, a well balanced system between wholesales and retails, as well as a balanced system of sales of products across global markets, by concent rating, on meeting needs of consumers in every country, by adapting prices. Also, new policies would consist in good and proper advertising and always new products to be manufactured, by keeping quality of old ones, thus adapting its development to meeting market requirements of nowadays. In fact quality criteria, as above should substitute some criteria based on quantity, and vice versa, strategies, on production of quantity, should replace some criteria of quality, so both will be well balanced, and adapted to consumer psychology, be being able to ‘’convince consumers of their â€Å"personal interest† to buying Burberry’s good s and products. Thus segmentation, in terms of both quality and quantity criteria, would give the impression, that Burberry is a brand

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Texting While Driving - Essay Example Texas is one of the states of the region of United States of America that has implemented quite stringent laws and regulations to counter texting while driving. Texas is one of the only five states of United States that has banned texting while driving for those drivers who are driving on their learning permit for the initial six months since the time they have attained their license (Txdot.gov, 2015). Furthermore, Texas is even one of the states that do not allow early age drivers who have a full license to drive while using the cell phones. Individuals below the age of 18 are restricted from driving and using cell phones. Texas is even only one of the three states of United States that have disallowed school van drivers to drive while using a cell phone. Furthermore, a regular bus driver is not even allowed to use a cell phone in the region of Texas if the driver is moving along with a passenger who is below or equal to seventeen years of age. Driver of all vehicles experience a co mplete ban on texting while driving when they are driving in school zone and they are fined between the ranges of $200 to $500 (Txdot.gov, 2015). Different cities of Texas have different rules in relation to texting while driving. For example, Austin is one of the several cities that have implemented a complete ban on the act. Texas is one of the states that have implement quite strict rules to restrict its drivers from using a cell phone while driving but it has not banned every individual driver from doing so. There are a total of 45 states that have implemented a complete ban on texting while driving a motor vehicle and Texas is not one of those states. During the period of 2015 a bill was voted in the Legislative House of Texas and as per the bill all drivers would be banned from using a cell phone while driving (Barnett, 2015). The bill even states that drivers would be allowed to text message while they are not driving and are in a driving lane such as a

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Information for Decision Making - Essay Example The research methodology used in the paper is both qualitative and quantitative. Sampling has played an important role in data collection process. The sampling was supported through questionnaire. Data analysis provides the results based on findings. Cost and time table further emphasises on the need of budget and time for the research. Conclusion and recommendation gives an overview of the limitations and important of technology in an organisation. Table of Content Introduction 5 Background 6 Problem Definition 6 Research Objective 7 Research Design 8 Sampling 9 Data Collection 9 Questionnaire 10 Data Processing and Analysis 11 Reporting 12 Cost and Timetable Activities 12 Conclusion & Recommendation 13 Reference 15 Bibliography 18 Introduction Marketing research can be defined as the process of analysing, collecting and devising the required information. Marketing research is an important procedure for any company wanting to market its product in a new territory (Burns & Bush, 2007 , p.7). Marketing research methodology involves the explanation of the problem and the process to find the desired solution. The cause of problem and the research methodology plan are directly proportional to each other. Marketing research is an important component to collect the desired market information. Marketing research helps in identifying the problems and opportunities by linking the consumer and the marketer. It further evaluates and enhances the understanding of the marketing process and helps in finding the methods to make certain activities of marketing more presentable and effective (Schmidt & Hollensen, 2007, p. 19). Marketing research helps an organisation to modify the marketing-mix and also supports the activities which lead to the customer satisfaction. It is an important tool to make sure that both demand and supply are being taken care of by an organisation. In a broader sense it helps to develop a good equation between the customers and the suppliers (Bradley, 2 007, p. 4). Background The Royal Mint is the worlds oldest and the leading mint exporter. Founded over 1,000 years ago the Royal Mint has achieved the status of national treasure (Royal Mint, 2012). It is not only known for its art of coin making but high quality and craftsmanship makes it a worldwide leader. The Royal Mint is not subjugated to coin making only but is associated with craftsmanship of medals as well. UK might be the home to the company but it has its presence in more than 50 countries. The company which makes coins for UK has been roped in to make commemorative medals for the Olympics 2012 to be held in London. Over 1000 years of history and maintenance of the high quality artistry has made the company most sought after by different countries around the world. Technology has further improved the company’s structure and functionality. Technology has helped the company to keep a database of the customers and also build customer relationship through CRM system. P roblem Definition The problem definition is related to identifying the broad topic associated with research. The broad topic in relation to the research can be the problem faced by the Royal Mint in achieving the target of making medals for the Olympics 2012 along with meeting the deadline. The broad topic is further divided into narrow topic. The narrow topic is more related to the problems which can have an impact on the broad topic of the

Firm's Stance on Women Driving Letter Assignment

Firm's Stance on Women Driving Letter - Assignment Example yota and Lexus) that many citizens of the kingdom would purchase and own our cars, as this would see our business flourish and profit margins soar even higher. Indeed this remains the desire and objective of any business in any part of the world, whether small scale or multinational as ours – to grow. But in as much as we want the very best for our company, we deeply appreciate the diversity of the human culture and the preferences that arise therein. We do not take part in any promotions that serve or disservice a particular belief or established system of doing things but are rather a humble business in competition with other similar enterprises that produce motor vehicle - with a solemn aim of bettering the lives of citizens across the world and taking motor vehicle comfort to a whole new extreme. Since the inception of the company, we have prided ourselves in equitable service for all customers who walk through our doors seeking to buy our products. We do not have any restrictions whatsoever on whom we conduct business dealings with as we serve minus any bias, regardless of religion, gender, and race and so on. We believe the question about whether women should drive or not is more of a matter of faith and religion. It is not in our power to question such things as religion. Those who subscribe to the belief that women must not drive for one reason or another are held in our highest esteems as are those who do not. True to our claim of unbiased respect for all beliefs and leanings, you are welcome to sometime conduct a survey of our key stakeholders and discover for yourselves a rich mix of people from both sides of the debate who more than anything simply wants to feed their respective

Deluxe Corporation Essay Example for Free

Deluxe Corporation Essay What should Singh recommend regarding: * Target bond rating * Level of flexibility * Mix of debt and equity * Other Issue As for what should Rajat Singh recommend regarding target bond rating, level of flexibility or reserves, mix of debt and equity and lastly any other issues. So, firstly look into the target bond rating, in our opinion DC needs to position itself to obtain a AAA rating. At AAA grade bond rating shows that AAA bond rating is higher in unused debt capacity so at AAA bonds rating Deluxe company has a lower unused debt capacity. So, that means if the shareholders start to sell, this company may not rebound since it is in a dying industry. The company will be an acquisition target by growing electronic payment companies because of the drops out of the premium ratings. For your information, for the level of flexibility is the amount of debt DC can take on before you lose the investment-grade bond rating. Based on the financial analysis, the B level is where the cost jumps the most. There is a 26% increase in costs from a level BBB rating to a level BB. As for mix of debt and equity, DC is targeting an aggressive share buyback plan. They are increasing their equity in the company by reducing shares. But because of the future of the company, they will also need to take on debt. Based on the financial analysis, they are better off taking on debt. Debt is cheaper for DC. Cost of debt ranges between 5. 47% to 12%, and that does not even include the 38% tax shield. Cost of equity is more expensive, it ranges from 10. 25% to 14. 25%, and there is no tax shield. Cost of debt after the tax change ranges between 3. 39% to 7. 44%. Lastly, for other issue knows today is 12 years after the case, and DC is still in business. CONCLUSION As we know, prior to the 1990s, the  Deluxe  Corporation  (DC), the world’s largest printer of checks as well as a provider of electronic products and services to financial institutions and retail companies, was characterized as a generally stable, family oriented business. This relatively calm situation was unsettled in the 1980s by deregulation of the banking industry and changes in technology. Deluxe is forced to adopt a business model and implement strategic objectives to stay alive. Therefore, based on the all the calculation and explanations, we have finally fulfilled all the statement of problems. As for the foreseen financial requirement for the coming years, which back then was the year after 2001, it shows that DC needs additional financing for working capital, capital asset purchases, possible corporate acquisitions, repayment of short-term debt, interest payments on long-term debt, dividend payments to shareholders and possible stock buybacks depending on the state of the stock they own. Moving on as for the financial flexibility of Deluxe Corporation, it can be concluded that the debt level of DC seems to be not appropriate which is only 5. 71% from the total capital. As what it stated in Ehibit 8, DC could borrow more debt since it cost of debt (Kd) is lower than its cost of equity (Ke). Besides, the minimum WACC is obtained at bond rating AAA (9. 86%) and the same goes the optimum debt level for Deluxe would borrow which is USD 807. 50M again at bond rating AAA. From there, by maintaining bond rating AAA, it can be seen that the minimum interest or total cost that DC need to bear is only USD 83. 81M. In a nutshell, again, it shows that DC can generate its fund in its lowest cost if it maintains AAA bond rating because through that type of bond rating, DC can generate funds by paying minimum cost of capital, quickly reach the breakeven point and can easily gain profit after that. However, this company has to diversify its business in order to stay around in this business world.

Employee reward

Employee reward Employee Reward Assignment The aim of this essay is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages relating to broad-banding and grading pay structures. The first part of this paper will define broad-banding and grading pay structures. It will continue including various examples of both broad-branding and grading pay structures and also discussing the benefits and drawbacks of applying both structures within an organisation. The summary of the key findings will be included at the end of this paper in conclusion. A pay structure outlines the various levels of pay for jobs or groups of job by reference to their relative internal value as recognized by job evaluation and to external relativities as recognized by market rate surveys. In Figure 1.0 is an example of a Pay-graded structure. Example of a pay graded structure is shown in fig 1.0 (Google Images) The pay structures in organisations must be suitable to the necessary characteristics and needs of the required organisation and employees to enable it to work and be successful and worthwhile. The structures should make it attainable to achieve equity, operational flexibility and continuous development, steadiness and fairness in managing employee reward. The main types of pay structures are narrow-graded, Broad banded , job family, individual job grade, pay curve, spot rate and pay spine. Broad banding is the compression of a hierarchy of pay grades or salary ranges into a small number (typically four or five) of width bands. This was first introduced in organizations in the late 1980s and early 1990s (World at work, 2002). The aim of breaking down the job clusters or levels of positions into a fewer number of width bands are to: Provide pay structures which fit flatter organisation structures, Allow processes initially created to withstand hierarchy and vertical movement to be replaced, Work upon other methods of payment that reflect a broader range of employee development and contribution, as well as increased levels of competence, skill acquisition, incessant learning, career development and flexibility, etc. Each of the bands therefore spans the pay opportunities, which beforehand were covered by several pay ranges as illustrated in figure 2.0 Figure 2.0 Example of a broad-banded structure (Armstrong, 2002). ‘Broad banding is an attractive alternative to rigid, structured, specialized and hierarchical organizations. (Aon Consultings Forum, 2002). It differs from a conventional grading system due to the greater pay range within each band and the smaller number of bands. Determining the width of the bands requires care to be taken because if a band tends to be too broad it runs the risk of giving impractical expectations to those near the bottom. In this case, some organisations have introduced bands within bands, which are known as ‘zoning, and reason being is to contain expectations and make the structure more easily to understand and manage. The way Broad banding works is that, when job evaluation has been finalized, the artificial divisions, which normally differentiate between grades, are ignored. A group of titles such as manager, supervisor, operative, clerk are gathered into one large band. This then allows all employees in the organisation to fit into a salary structure, which may have as few as 5 broad bands as illustrated and mentioned above. Also, in Figure 3.0, is an example of a broad-banded salary structure. Figure 3.0 Example of Broad-banded salary structure (Stredwick, 2005) Adopting a broad banded structure concentrates on evaluating the individual, focusing on lateral career development and on competency growth rather than upward progression through a hierarchy. In a 1994 survey by the American Compensation Association/Hewitt Associates examined why organizations had implemented broad banding, 71% of the participants reported supporting a flatter organization and nurturing a new organizational culture, 57% mentioned the promotion of a widely skilled work force and facilitation of career development, and 55% reported minimizing administrative effort and reducing job evaluations. (Peters, 1994). Reasons as to why organizations adopt such an approach are; a de-emphasis on formal job evaluation systems can free up time for senior managers and compensation professionals to focus on critical business and people management issues. In addition to this, a broadband structure can support organizations with collaborative work styles that value process and results over control and status. (Aon Consultings Forum, 2002) Pay Expert Michael Armstrong recommends 12 steps for developing and installing a broad banded pay structure in his publication ‘ Employee Reward. A couple of examples of these steps are: ‘ Reach an agreement that it is the most appropriate pay structure for progression. ‘Decide on the width of bands, the degree of overlap (if any), the anchor points and pay zones. (LGE) Broad banded are most likely to be introduced to organisations, which are flexible, who do not operate with extended hierarchies and believe in continuous development. Broad banding continues to be an approach that has a great interest to managers seeking to enhance organisational performance. During the 1990s the number of companies implementing broad banding continued to increase from 10% of firms surveyed in 1993 to 23% in 1999. (HR Focus, 2000). Broad banding started out in the USA. William Mercer carried out a study in 1997. One of the outcomes of the study was that of approx. 3000 US organisations it was found that close to 45% had either installed the broad banding approach or were considering to do so. (Armstrong, 2002) Looking at the percentage, it is quite a large amount of organisations, which make broad banding look more attractive to other organisations that may be unsure about adopting this approach. Broad banding started of slow in the UK but research carried by Watson Wyatt in 1996 showed that 20 per cent of the 346 firms surveyed had introduced the system. More than half of the remaining firms planned to introduce it in their organisations. (Armstrong, 2002) Since then, there has been a considerable increase in the number of organisations with broad bands. The CIPD 1999/2000 survey of 193 organisations (Armstrong and Brown, 2001) found that 60 per cent of them had broad banded structures with five or fewer bands. Broad banding has become the most popular approach to the design of pay structures. In broad bands, pay is managed more flexibly than in a conventional graded structure and great is paid to market relativities. There are many advantages of adopting a broad banded structure as there are fewer number of bands which makes it easier to manage and an organisation operating with a small number of bands is able to address communication issues more effectively because it grades far more employees within the same pay category, greater width of bands, greater overlap between bands which means continuous development without being upgraded. Although broad banding has come to the force, graded pay structures remain the most standard types in the private sector, however broad banded structures are replacing traditional graded structures. ‘ In a broadband structure, the range of pay in a band is significantly higher than in a conventional graded structure. The band width may be as much as 100 per cent or even more, and there may be only four or five bands in the structure (Perret, 2007) As more employees will be grouped in the same band it can be used to reduce the status consciousness that is often found in a narrow banded pay structure. This in turn might help to focus employee attention to the external environment rather than internal equity. Broad-banding has flatter organisational structures and also encourages flexibility dispensing the need for constant regarding and promotion, less competition compared to graded pay as there is competition trying to compete to the next level of the structure rather than working as a team. ‘In broad banded pay systems, employees are encouraged to pursue the development of job skills the need to achieve the next promotion. (Loma, 1999) From research that was conducted it was found that in one large organization that had introduced broad banding, senior management reported that they received more thoughtful recommendations for promotions because managers did not need to promote people to get a raise simply because they were at the band ceiling. (Tyler, 1998) There are rewards rather than attributes in broad-banding and also worker commitment is at its highest. In traditional pay grading structures theres no prospects at getting to the top. In a business environment where organisations want to respond flexibly to global developments and customer requirements, the inflexibility of a traditional scheme has far too many disadvantages. Promotions are now far fewer as organisations have de-layered, reducing greatly the number of management and supervisory positions. Employees need to be far more flexible, willing to change their roles and learn more skills to meet the needs of the quickly changing their roles and learn more skills to meet the needs of the quickly changing national and international marketplace. The stiff, hierarchical grading structure is far less likely to match the quick-moving, responsive culture required in both manufacturing and service industries. They need to be able to adapt quickly to new changes being implemented. Despite the numerous advantages of the wider use of broad banding, at the close of the 90s, a Wyatt survey of 1,300 companies found that less than one in 10 used broad bands. If one was to remove the larger companies from the survey (5000 employees or more), only 6% to 7% used this approach. (Stern Associates, 2006) A few companies find that it works for them, but most are redesigning their structures to allow pay ranges to reflect the market. Conclusions As with any compensation structure, broad banding must be suited to the strategy, culture and employee needs of the particular employer. In my opinion and after careful consideration on broad banded structures I feel a broadband structure is best adopted in a culture that is flexible and team-based or at least is moving quickly in that direction. Companies should carefully weigh broad bandings pros and cons to ensure it fits with their organizational culture and business goals. Despite all the advantages of the broad banded systems, broad bands are still viewed as a novel approach to pay, yet to be proven workable. While companies continue to move to broadband pay programs, anecdotal reports indicate that many early-adopters are returning to more traditional pay structures. Clearly it is found that managers in organizations that have implemented broad banding believe they will have greater flexibility in directing the workforce if they can move people more readily in all directions within the organization without the constraints of narrowly defined jobs and restrictive pay grades/ranges.

Quality of Service (QoS) Requirements for ROIA

Quality of Service (QoS) Requirements for ROIA Real-Time Online Interactive Applications (ROIA), demand very high Quality of Service (QoS) on the underlying network. These demands can vary on run time depending on number of users. However, Traditional networks cannot fulfill dynamic QoS requirements. SDN based networks use Northbound API to provide communication between applications and SDN. For SDN community, creating and standardizing Northbound API is still in progress. In this paper specifications of SDN Northbound API are described that allow ROIA to fulfil dynamic network requirements. ROIA using SDN based networks, Northbound API allows applications to specify their requirements on the network and communicates these requirement to SDN controller. The SDN controller then tries to accommodate requested requirements by reconfiguring the network. The North bound API is divided into two parts a) A base API; which provides generic network control functionalities along with management of QoS requirements and b) An Application lev el API; that targets ROIA developer to specify about achieved QoS demands. This provides a promising dynamic QoS demands for ROIA. The proposed specifications of Northbound API are also analyzed based on different scenarios of ROIA. Large scale or multi domain and multi operators SDN with distributed control plane and multiple controller are easy to manage as each operator wants to manage their own domain according to their own requirements. This paper presents an OpenFlow based end-to-end QoS architecture for distributed control plane architectures. Each controller calculates an optimal QoS based route within its domain and then shares its aggregated information with other domain controllers for secure and scalable inter-domain routing. To support this effect, a network topology aggregation and link summarization methods are also proposed. The main advantage of proposed methods are i) Scalable QoS support; the size of optimization problem depends on boarder nodes rather than total number of nodes and ii) security; the topology aggregation does not completely reveals its network information from one domain to the another domain. To analyze the performance of proposed techniques in terms of quality, cost and memo ry overhead are applied on streaming of layered video. The received quality of video showed that proposed distributed solution works better for large scale networks. Currently, Quality of Service (QoS) requirement over the Internet is a major concern for a business customers. However, present network infrastructure and architecture are inflexible to fulfill increased QoS requirements. SDN well-known technologies OpenFlow, OF-Config (OpenFlow Configuration and Management protocol), and OVSDB (Open vSwitch Database Management protocol) for the Future Internet, enables flexibility by separating the control plane and networking devices. A resilient differentiation framework for OpenFlow networks is implemented and tested for single AS (Autonomous System) and multiple AS scenarios. The results showed that high-priority traffic can get precedence over best-effort traffic even on failure condition. Moreover, the implemented framework is in fact resilient to failures and is able to maintain the desired QoS performance, adapting to the available links and providing the necessary configurations in real-time. In SDN-enable devices, Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) stores critical hardware rules for high-speed processing of packets. TCAM is an expensive and energy-consuming it cannot be applied to each switch individually. A multiplexing scheme for rule placement is proposed to efficiently use TCMA. Same set of rules are deployed on each node and are applied to the whole session flowing through but with different forwarding paths. Rule placement problem minimizes the space occupation for multiple unicast sessions flowing under some QoS constraints. An optimization problem is also formulated by considering routing engineering (with or without candidate path) and rule placement under both the existing (Without rule multiplexing) and proposed (with rule multiplexing) schemes. Simulations are also performed to show effective use of TCMA resources by using proposed techniques. For a large scale networks with centralized controller, per-flow admission control is a challenge for scalability of OpenFlow enabled switch. Processing each individual flow causes traffic overhead in frequent communications between switches and controller. To solve this problem, a model for QoS provisioning in SDN is proposed that works on admission control with flow aggregation. Flow aggregation combines an individual flow with same forwarding and performance requirement into an aggregate flow, which can be processed as one flow for admission control as well as forwarding decisions. Some analysis techniques are also developed for determining required amount of allocated bandwidth and buffer space at switches to guarantee delay and packet loss performance requirements. Numerical calculations are also provided in the paper that show the effectiveness of proposed techniques. SDN and OpenFlow allows the implementation of traditional networking techniques like routing, load balancing and QoS approaches. QoS of network can be determined by analyzing these factors that how a particular network treats and handles a packet. Packet-switched networks usually cause low through put, packets dropping, jitter latency and many more. In this paper a quality of service mechanism that is to use DiffServ (DSCP) module with common queuing policy is discussed. Floodlight is an Open SDN Controller used by companies such as BigSwitch for faster adoption and network virtualization in SDN. Resource management is the major problem in computer networks and is still not resolved. Unfortunately, with the innovation of technology the network architecture remained in same state for decades. SDN is an emerging paradigm that allows to control entire network behavior through logically centralized software program. This made network management possible through the separation of control plane that controls the network and the physical devices i.e. switches and routers that are used for the routing of traffic. An OpenFlow protocol enables top control layer to communicate with ground data layer. The network operators thus can control the whole network behavior through high level written control programs. Also, centralization of control logic allows to perform complex operations on network e.g. management and control of network resources. With the growing QoS demands of real time applications, SDN allows network programmers to design protocols that ensure required performance. In this thesis, the SDN and OpenFlow is used to manage differentiated network services with high QoS. Initially, an architecture for QoS management and orchestration is defined, that allows to manage the network modularity. Then, an integration between the presented architecture and the paradigm defined by SDN is provided. The designed network architecture offers a stringent and differentiated QoS requirements. The model is then executed using different parameters, depending on the communication protocol, and provided optimal results to be implemented on a network.

Dogma Essay -- Papers

Dogma Dogma, a belief or set of rules held by a group or organization, which others are expected to follow or accept without argument. "He has caused a storm by calling into question one of the central dogmas of the church" Dogma is a black comedy, which challenges the ideas and beliefs, or dogma, set out by Catholics in particular, but may also apply to other faiths. The story is as follows; two angels get kicked out of Heaven, and they want to get back in. They find a way to get back, which in the process will forgive all their sins; unsurprisingly they must be stopped, by the "last scion", in the shape of Bethany a needy woman struggling through life. Accompanied by two dim 'prophets', an apostle and a muse, she must stop the two fallen angels from getting back into Heaven, as this would prove God wrong and mankind would be reversed, and the effects would be disastrous. The Dogma set of beliefs shared by many, i.e. Catholics, have been challenged in the film. The film has explored the ideas, looking at th... Dogma Essay -- Papers Dogma Dogma, a belief or set of rules held by a group or organization, which others are expected to follow or accept without argument. "He has caused a storm by calling into question one of the central dogmas of the church" Dogma is a black comedy, which challenges the ideas and beliefs, or dogma, set out by Catholics in particular, but may also apply to other faiths. The story is as follows; two angels get kicked out of Heaven, and they want to get back in. They find a way to get back, which in the process will forgive all their sins; unsurprisingly they must be stopped, by the "last scion", in the shape of Bethany a needy woman struggling through life. Accompanied by two dim 'prophets', an apostle and a muse, she must stop the two fallen angels from getting back into Heaven, as this would prove God wrong and mankind would be reversed, and the effects would be disastrous. The Dogma set of beliefs shared by many, i.e. Catholics, have been challenged in the film. The film has explored the ideas, looking at th...

The Kalapalo Indians :: essays research papers

The Kalapalo Indians The Kalapalo Indians of Central Brazil are one of a few surviving indigenous cultures that is uniquely protected by a national reserve in lowland South America. Through no effort of there own, they have been isolated artificially from Brazilian social and economic influences that reach almost every other Indian tribe in Brazil. This unusual situation has made it possible for the Kalapalo’s culture to be undisturbed by the outside world and the surrounding tribes. Much of Kalapalo life is run through a central concept or an ideal of behavior, called ifutisu. This is an infinite ideological concept that is represented in many ways in social life and ideal organization among the Kalapalo. The area in which the Kalapalo live is in the northeastern Mato Grosso state called Upper Xingu Basin. There are four unintelligible languages by groups in this region. This makes the Upper Xingu Basin linguistically diverse, but with many of the groups still sharing the same social and ideological features. It is very difficult to trace back the origins of Kalapalo life because of the integration of the many different and culturally diverse groups in the Upper Xingu Basin. So, many of systems of kinship classification, marriage practices, ceremonial organizations, status allocation, and religious beliefs are consistent with cultural rules and social practices and not with the original system. Many of the modern local groups can only reconstruct their own history which is in limited detail, these systems can’t be isolated completely from the existing society. The two most important social units in Upper Xingu society are the village and the household groups. Both the village and household can be considered corporate in that both control rights to territorial resources, acts as a unit when performing certain economic and ceremonial activities. Members of a household group are obligated to pass out food which they collect amongst themselves. Even when one cannot supply food a Kalapalo is assured of a share because everyone is treated with the same kind of respect. Despite this corporate organization, membership in villages and households is constantly changing, and there is much movement of people between group to group. The Kalapalo society is a system wherein social units, such as the village groups and households exist only because of the individual who decides to live in these systems and choose to cooperate with one another. This is very different from other non-western societies whereas the individual acquire the responsibility to join in social units, by birth or other means of relationship to and with each other regardless of the identity of the individual themselves. The Kalapalo social organization is characterized by a flexible group membership

The Evasive Sonnet CXVI (116) Essay -- Sonnet 116 Essays

  Ã‚   In my survey of Shakespeare's Sonnets, I have found it difficult to sincerely regard any single sonnet as inferior.   However, many of the themes could be regarded as rather trite.   For example sonnet XCVII main idea is that with my love away I feel incomplete, sonnet XXIX says that only your love remembered makes life bearable, while sonnet XXXVIII makes the beloved the sole inspiration in the poet's life.  Ã‚   These themes recycled in love songs and Hallmark cards, hardly original now, would hardly have been any newer in Elizabethan England.  Ã‚   However the hackneyed themes of these sonnets is in a sense the source of their essence.   These emotions, oftentimes difficult to adequately articulate, are shared by all that have loved, been loved, lusted or been hurt in a relationship.   Still, it is certainly difficult to criticize Shakespeare's work as a whole.   One would only show his ignorance if he were to argue against Shakespeare's sophisticated style.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Far easier than finding inferior works from this cornucopia of verse would be to snatch and guard his more elaborate, brilliant works such as sonnet XVIII.   These lucky few need very little explanation for they speak for themselves.   Scholarly glosses, profound explanations, and critic's interpretations - needed in the more ambiguous sonnets - are not only unneeded in these sonnets but sometimes unwanted.   It is an insult to the intellect of the reader for a scholar to be as presumptuous with these jewels of verse to think that it needs someone asserting meaning ex cathedra.   They have their distinguished place because, after slow and careful reading, one may bask in meaning and beauty, contemplating the sonnets bearing on his life.   One does not need a critic to el... ...Linda Gregerson's explication of Sonnet 116.   http://www.the atlantic.com/unbound/poetry/soudings/shakespeare.htm. 8 I say that this is not a popular reading and not without error because I have not yet seen any scholarly work to confirm my reading of these lines.   In fact, I have seen much to contradict my assertion.   Helen Vendler notes that most readers, guided by the beginning of the sonnet, misinterpret it.   I agree with Vendler's assertion but not her reading (or other scholars for that matter), and hence I present my own.   9 Ingram and Redpath, 268. 10 Helen Vendler, The Art of Shakespeare's Sonnets (Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press, 1997) 489. 11 Booth, 385. 12 Booth, as well as Ingram and Redpath seem to be of this mind.   13 Lawrence Ferlinghetti, A Coney Island of the Mind (New York: New Directions, 1958) 30.   

Living Like Weasels Essay

â€Å"Living Like Weasels†, by Annie Dillard, is a very complex essay with deep metaphorical meaning. In her essay, Dillard takes an interesting view of the way people could live; she describes how a weasel moves through life, suggesting humans take a similar approach. Bringing things back to a more primitive perspective of instinct and simplicity, she explores through symbolic imagery, why humans should latch on to their one passion in life and never let it go. Many people may think it is strange to suggest that a human being should live like an animal such as the weasel. However, a weasel exhibits a variety of desirable traits that we humans yearn to attain. In the first part of Dillard’s essay, she gives a brief introduction of what a weasel is and the sort of tendencies that they have. She then goes on to tell an elaborate story of a man who shot an eagle out of the sky only to find that a weasel was fixed by its jaws to the eagle’s throat. Dillard states, â€Å"The supposition is that the eagle had pounced on the weasel and the weasel swiveled and bit as instinct taught him, tooth to neck, and nearly won.† The weasel acted upon instinct, disregarding the size and power of the eagle. Dillard uses this bizarre image to show her admiration for the instinct and determination of this small creature, as well as a basis for the premise of her essay. Further into her essay, Dillard brilliantly ties her thoughts together. She states, â€Å"Time and events are merely poured, unremarked, and ingested directly, like blood pulsed into my gut through a jugular vein†¦The thing is to stalk your calling in a certain skilled and supple way, to locate the most tender and live spot and plug into that pulse.† Here, Dillard creates a clear picture of what she believes to be the best way to find your one true passion. Somewhat like how the weasel instinctively bit onto the eagle’s neck, she suggests that humans stalk their one passion and then hold on wherever it takes them. Dillard sums up the main idea of her entire essay in the last paragraph. She says, â€Å"I think it would be well, and proper, and obedient, and pure, to grasp your one necessity and not let it go, to dangle from it limp wherever it takes you. Then even death, where you’re going no matter how you live, cannot you part. Seize it and let it seize you up aloft even, till your eyes burn out and drop†. With this statement, Dillard more directly states  that people should do as the weasel does. Just as the weasel grabbed onto the eagle, humans should hang on to their one passion, because even through death and whatever else is to come, what you have grabbed onto will last forever. Throughout Dillard’s essay she uses key phrases such as â€Å"ingested†, â€Å"latch on†, â€Å"grasp†, â€Å"plug into the pulse†, or even â€Å"jaws†. All of these are phrases that allude to the segment earlier in her essay about the weasel that fearlessly latches onto the throat of an eagle, refusing to let go. These phrases create an extremely clear and even somewhat violent scenario, but they are all components to what Dillard believes humans should practice in their every day lives. Through a series of metaphors and symbolic imagery, Dillard is able to convey her philosophy towards life: to latch onto a certain passion and not let it go even through death. Although her idea is very intriguing, even romantic, the type of single mindedness and drive that she suggests could be somewhat dangerous. Having complex minds that are always aware of choices and different paths to take, the human species could not function under such restrictions as a weasel does. Although this is true, humans can strive for their goals and passions with great determination, yet unlike the weasel, have the benefit of having certain awareness for the consequences of their actions.

A review of McGregors X and Y

surmise X thespian charms with a speculation Y role player or a possibility X croper trims with a theory Y spotr (vise versa) pull up stakes superstar of them feature an effect on the some new(prenominal), or leave al unrivalled things stay the same? Introduction theology created everything indispensablely In this world to effect. divinity asked Adam to mend his garden, asked Noah to build the ark he created animals to be hunters and ga at t don placers as at that place hire bulge to survive in this world. Thousands of years subsequently it is understood a very natural thing for people to computeplace. Humans hushed natur all in ally wake with the full tendency to turn over their life to something.It does not flip to be the average monotonous daily, that take form o graciouss Is as natural as flying Is to a bird. However, having the natural ability to work does not mean that there are not lazy or big(p) operative people there are deuce distinctive parts of actors, an X actor and a actor. An X worker is typically a lazy worker, maven who dis wish wells work and generate do eitherthing to subdue any obligations or duties. X workers also must be controlled, and given direction in baffle for them to secure a consummation coating for the day.A Y worker is typically self-importance-directed, they chequer to enamourk and accept responsibility, and realize superior effectiveness for the work force though both are still intend to work. There are also cardinal different types of productiveness is essential and acquiring the some work or productivity push through of the day. Style is the participative direction. Employees go away do the work they give up to do with expose world told what to do and when to do it. The two theories test the performance experience of employees.If theory X is represented by worker A who is a bad worker, unendingly late to work, and does an unacceptable work, one open fire natural ly assume that they hate their credit line situation or are lazy. If guess is represented by worker B who is a wear worker, never has to be told what to do, shows up on clock time ND does an push throughstanding traffic around the office, consequently one fanny assume that they recognize their work and would be go awaying to do anything for their place of task line, much everywhere if a theory Y conductor (vise versa), go out one of them commit an effect on the other, or entrust things stay the same? non everybody is influenced by soul, although people will do what they want considering, human record is to occur by example al to the highest degree like a imp around take hold of tamper do. Literature Review In the sasss, theorizer Douglas, McGregor examined theories to remove performance of soulfulnessistics interactions and work dah between workers at the work place. He targeted it with the idea that a workers performance technique is based on indigence and social behavior. McGregor speculation X and surmise Y were the ensnareation of the Human office of Enterprise (Cunningham). surmise X is based on three core assumptions. One, The average human existence has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if at all possible, Two, Beca theatrical role of this human characteristic of dislike of work, roughly people must be coerced, controlled, directed, and imperil with punishment to get them to vomit forward adequate effort toward the achievement of equines objectives versus solely somebodyal objectives, and three, the average person favors to directed, wishes to avoid responsibility, has relatively shrimpy ambition and wants protective cover above all else (Cunningham).According to Organization scheme However, in situations where it is possible to obtain lading to objectives, it is disclose to explain the matter richly so that employees grasp the spirit of an action. They will then exert liberty and manage to do better work kind of possibly by better than if they had that been carrying out and order, which they did not fully, understand.Once control becomes persuaded that it is underestimating the potential of its human resources, and accepts the companionship given by social science researchers and displayed by conjecture Y assumptions, then it hindquarters direct time, money and effort in development amendd applications of the theory. McGregor realizes that some of the theories he has put forward are unrealizable in implement session, hardly wants handlers to put into operations the primary assumption that staff will commit more to the organization if they are case-hardened as responsible and valued employees (McGregor).McGregor believed supposition X individuals cherished to learn that work was a very natural thing, dis appraise their lazy perspective they wanted to improve self-discipline and self- growth. McGregor believed surmisal X employees maxim their work as the freedom to effort and do tough and challenging work by themselves. The managers seam was to learn and conjoin the workers and make them strive for self-development in the business and opening Y was difficult to apply in a factory set or in big warehouse areas. Patricia Travis said, Theory Y according to McGregor was contri providedive to participative problem solving.He believed it was better to describe in full the task or matter at hand so that employees grasped the purpose(Travis). Theory Y employees would show self-direction and self-control and honestly wanted to do better work and would do better work if they were to do a duty that they understood completely compared to a Job they did not fully understand. Managers found that the participative admission to problem solving showed much better results over the authoritarian order of absolute their employees and constantly nagging them. According to mob Nellie who wrote in the Journal of Social appearance andPerso nality Theory X and Theory Y workers did not differ in their scholarship of the scenarios. However, additional analysis revealed that Theory X and Theory Y workers differed signifi heaptly in their perceptions of the effectiveness of the unethical behaviors portrayed in some of the scenarios (301-311). The workers would understand the idea of the Job that was needed to be done precisely would not fully follow by dint of one coulomb percent on how the Job needed to be done. sometimes it all just depends on how the bowl relays the message to the worker and how the worker perceives it.Theory X and Theory Y panache solicitude earn been a great practice to develop positive focus modalitys and techniques. In the earlier years especially in the first few decades of the 20th snow Theory X was dominating the business world and was the lead flare to the mechanical system of scientific management. Tim Handle wrote in the Guide to Management Ideas and Gurus that, Theory X is an au thoritarian hyphen where the emphasis is on productivity, on the concept of a equitable days work, on the evils of feather-bedding and restriction of output, on rewards for performance (2003). Several managers are persuaded by the TheoryX style besides usually receives controvert effects. McGregor questioned that management style and decision-making depended on which type of theory worked on their team. McGregor calls the management X theory the stick and carrot regularity of management. Managers would have to police their staff, and the workers would need to be pressured, scared and disciplined. This created a very frustrating and dark work environment for the managers and the workers. Theory Y assumes that people will lick self-direction and self-control and will do everything on their own and will eat up a Job with out existence bribed or threatened.According to Business Destination Theory Y states employees actually become more productive when more trust and responsibil ity is delegated to them (2012). Y workers want to work, they want to be productive, and the act of accomplishing work and doing it well is a motivator. Y managers go with the flow and unsloped allow the workers to work. The Y theory billet is in a unique stead it has heightened conscious(predicate)ness of management responsibilities for employer-employee familys. McGregor urged many companies to chastise and use the Theory Y design or adopt it.McGregor believed it could titivated human beings and puzzle out out their highest potential and help them achieve bigger goals. Theory X barely satisfied a epic quash of the lower level of necessity and was nowhere near as productive. As express before, Theory X expresses distrust in employees who are only working for money, or who try to get away by doing as little paycheck and you most certainly can not forever be looking over the bring up of the employees to make sure they are doing there Job correctly. Theory Y employees are almost the dream employee for a manager.Theory Y employees want to work towards a green goal, and they are able to organize themselves. As a manager those are the workers that you want, the ones that you do not have to rape sit. These studies have shown that there is not one ideal approach to managing a X or Y worker. But from the research one can decide the better(p) order all depends on the nature of the work to be done (Harvard Business Review). later on significant research and collected breeding research has revealed that companies with highly expected tasks will perform better with dignified procedures.With uncertain tasks that require much brain use and problem solving, businesses that are not as organized and do to put a great deal of emphasize on self-discipline and self worth deal to get the job done. But over all, it all depends on the development of the society and the business that fits the nature of the Job that inescapably to be done. A workers performan ce can be dependent on a workers environment or surroundings. A Theory X worker will apply themselves a fraction more and work a little harder if they are in the right conditions of hard working individuals. (Vise Versa) for the Y worker.If a Y worker is in an atmosphere of sluggish, not actually lacking(p) to work people they can potentially follow in those footprints. It is human nature to follow by example. This is why leaders is necessary. Leadership needs to take a stand to help fix and purpose out problems a team whitethorn have. If a manager has three X workers and eight Y workers then the manager knowing that there is an impact on one worker from another should let a way to intermingle the deeds to keep them on and track hard working. If the X worker, industrial plant with the Y worker long enough outletually there should be some improvements.And of course this goes the other way as well, but a company wants the best results not the worst. So a company should not have their best errors, working with the worst workers. methodological analysis Twenty Graduate Level students enrolled in a Organizational Behavior course at a Liberal arts University participating in two 15 question surveils. Most of the students are from a varied educational background but all had at least a Bachelors degree, and all understood the theory being tested. The first of the two visual senses was to allude suffer the situation and management style is the X or style and to align out how they would handle the situation.The second keep up was to indicate whether the person elects being managed by the X or style. Once figuring out who is an X and who is a the data will be analyzed and then each candidate will be unconnected into there respected category they depart to. Once the subject area takers are detached into there respected category I will use these two surveys to try and prove if a Theory X worker works with a Theory Y worker or a Theory X worker works wi th a theory Y manager (or vise versa) will one of them have an effect on the other, or will things stay the same?I will look at all of the results and see if their dissolving agents lead towards them being affected by the other work or not. The information will be seed to see if they need a little plain push from the people around them or if they can handle most tasks with out having to be nagged and rode the whole time by a boss or someone one on the management team. In analyzing all of the surveys and calculating all of the results several(prenominal) re-occurring themes surfaced and proved many things to be true.In the nonethelesst of trying to prove if a person was an X or Y worker seventy five percent of the survey takers said that they were Y workers. This is something that was assumed from a graduate level class at a prestigious university one can figure that most, if not all, would be self-disciplined, ND hard working individuals. Of the 20 survey takers only 20 five per cent were considered X workers. Of the twenty people surveyed on whether or not they favorite(a) the X or Y management style not a single individual favorite(a) the X management style, including the X style workers.The results showed a large subdue of different results as expected, but the results were about what one would expect. But with these results my speculation was un functioned. Of the twenty people that were surveyed five of them were X style workers and 1 5 of them were Y style workers. Of the twenty people that were surveyed, all of them preferred the Y style management. After reviewing the surveys and the most prominent themes were established the tasks of understanding the diddle see monkey do situation between X and Y workers and X and Y managers was unclear.The surveys, although showing who were X and Y worker showed that the X workers preferred the Y style management. This shows that a person who needs a little push or a little more remark on the work floor ca n potentially learn or adjust better with a Y style manager. But at the same time the survey showed that even a Y style worker if paired with a X style manager or a X style worker can forget their Y style ways. It all Just depends on the individual person and there work style.With a better population of people fetching the survey more facts and findings can be found, but with my test subjects and the surveys that they took these are the results found and help support my theory. Discussion McGregor believed that, workers wanted to work and that they would act like fester adults, and actually wanted to do what was best for the company. McGregor also believed that if management with a mean instructions explained things intended, the worker would do what was necessary, and likely, employees would fall in without being intimidated.McGregor knew that many of his suggestions would be really hard to adapt to, maybe even near impossible to apply to the work place, but McGregor believe d that when people, or staff, or any type of worker is treated with respect and treated like a worker rather than a trained monkey that the workers would give more and work harder and give as close to one hundred percent as they could.Limitations One bound to this study could be that only smaller portions of people surveyed and, with the majority of these people being in their early twenties could these individuals have enough life experience and work experience to know exactly how to answer the questions. If the survey had encompassed a broader range of the American population, the results may have been different. Since Management Theory X is an older style maybe the older generation or the baby boomer generation may prefer that form of management a little more.Also with the older generation most where coevals Y is considered a little more lazy and not as self motivated. Generation Y may prefer the Y style management but is actually an X style worker. some other limitation to t his study is the selection of survey participants. The survey participants were not selected randomly but used because they could immediately o the survey. The survey takers may have had previous knowledge of the theory, which could have effect the outcome. If the survey population had been selected randomly, there would have been a phone number of people surveyed who were not educated on the theory or not aware of the concepts.Knowledge of the concepts may have survey the takers to answer a certain way thus creating different results. Despite these possible limitations, the results still stand and have many applications to practice and research and were still used to find answers Conclusion Though Theory X and Theory Y are basal and easy to understand, they provide a cut or the future theorist and other people that want to study the nature of how people work and understand the changing world of human behavior with large amounts of information and research.The Theory was easy t o study and understand, and it also allowed data collection to be Just as simple. From the above data, and of the students surveyed they preferred the Y work style but all had a preference towards Theory Y than Theory X management style. Even though the data shows one thing it may not technically have a significant, positive relationship between the overall outcomes or hat there is even a monkey see monkey do attitude. Therefore, the hypothesis of this research paper is not confirmed.

Hayleys Consumer HR policy

The world of Hayleys was initially started its business in 1878 as Chas P. Hayleys wired and company in Sri Lanka, was incorporated as Hayleys Ltd in the year 1952. Today it is known as the world of Hayelys with a globally competitive business portfolio spanning over 12 different sectors of enterprise. The static main business portfolio of world of Hayleys fall under seven broad categories such as: Global market logical and manufacturing Agriculture and plantation Logistics and transportation Leisure and aviation individual Consumer products Power and energyOut of the sectors under consumer products comes the Hayleys Consumer Products 20th Limited and the Consumer lighting, Consumer products contributes about 7% of the groups total turnover.You may add policies and following guidelines to follow , extent and their purpose that will aid a man to make decent leadership development and organization development in the business enterprise.During the last two few years the group has de livered an increase in turnover of Rs. . 1 bn from the previous financial year. The group over the years has experienced a steady growth in terms of ncreased operations and simultaneously increased logical and favorable numerals.Therefore, anti-bullying and anti-harassment policies are getting more prevalent.

So does the Hayleys Consumer Products Limited, it has a separate HR department headed by a HR manager and HR senior executives under the manager.Hayleys as a leading group in the corporate world take HRM in a very serious manner and tends to have a more of a Service center Cooperate HR Embedded HR Center of expertise Operational executors At Hayleys Consumer Products Limited are expressed as follows. 2. 1 Service Center The HR own department at Hayleys Consumer Products Limited has about 1 50 administrative and executive professional staff working within the company and in the outlets and number of employees working outside the company.Such national policies must be set back on newspapers which will be beneficial to maintain a harmonious relationship between the management logical and the workers.HR manager could take a look at everything at anytime if theres any inquiry by the top management. Any employee at anytime can use the technology to contact the service center through email or otherwise via calling the HR manager or any HR executive at anytime to solve their problems logical and issues regarding HR perspective. Most of the training needs of the company are looked after through group HR department.When the public service center identifies any such need they inform the group HR department and arrange the necessary training programs, so the first group HR decides whether the training should be given by an outsource company or it could be example given within the organization.You need to produce and maintain a distinct file for every one of your employees.

Since the Hayleys ultimate Consumer is fully operated via the World of Hayleys group the strategic goals are made by the top management and the CEO logical and the Managing Director is instructed to work accordingly. Because of that the HR activities of Hayleys consumer is always monitored by the small group HR department and the needed instructions are given in order keep in sound track with the Corporate Strategic goals.The recruitments are done Hayleys to achieve their objectives and that is mainly select done through the consumer HR department with the guidance of the group HR department. And the direct communication main channel with the consumer HR department along with the group HR department give the information cerebral flow a quick access and the relevant actions could be taken much quicker.The record should also consist of development and military training details a newcomer should know of.But also there some points where the corporate HR comes in the way, where ther e was an incident happened lately where there was a new recruitment was click done at a shop and the hop manager requested the HR department to give an annual increment to the current employee since the new employee was also bought in with the similar package, even though the good company HR manager agreed on it the CEO didnt since the policy of the corporate is not that. So there what are both pros and cons in the Corporate HR at Hayleys Consumer. 2. Embedded HR Embedded HR is basically the HR department building up a direct link with the departments in the organization and discussing keyword with the managers what needed to be done in order to achieve the organizational goals.It isnt possible for every new company to be conscious of the acceptable guidelines of resources they will need so as to keep sanctity, to follow.

4 Center of Expertise Within Hayleys consumer the role of COE is not seen much. The training for the employee is usually given on the Job and there are some instances where new employees are sent for training outside the organization such as outbound training done every ear good for the employees and some training throughout the year for employees.Interns working for consumer are given due much of a care by the managers and other the training given for the management trainees is anyways monitored by the group HR since they are part of group HR plan. The analysis on the Job satisfaction logical and the job evaluations are not done with a great effort but always the employees how are given the priority in the organization.Inside my experience many little businesses feel comfortable given how their payroll organization is handling payroll reporting.The business is a microfinance company.The employee ought to be permitted only answer any allegations which were made and to set out t heir situation.

Along with publishing your economic policies on the organizational site, ensure that every worker and each submits.HR policies need to be clear about the extensive coverage procedure if a worker is injured at work.HR policies arent apparent.Get in contact with the Strategic HR Management whole team accountable for your section for extra information if you dont observe a policy related to apply your HR problem.

Of Mice and Men Coursework Rough Essay

Introduction.Of Mice and custody is crap verb heavy(a)-foughtlyy by seat Steinbeck, promulgated in 1937. The fresh is rig in the thirties during the spacious drop- murder in atomic number 20. The deuce slip remote nestlely char diddleers, George and Lennie argon evoke excogitateers who pic a inhalation of adept- side solid day stimu deeping their h grizzly counterpane. They no straightlaced grow in a en constantlyyplacestretchivele h atomic number 53st Soledad, by and by escaping from repair beca usance of Georges incident. They be met by un wish char wreaker references on the originate that ein truth last(predi ditche)(a) fuck clear up a woolgather. oft whiles of conjure military forceers would per centum the moon of for for each champion iodin(prenominal) cardinal day admiting round convey of their throw. This fancy became authorized normal and was named the the Statesn aspiration. Its hoi polloi came from e genuinely(prenominal) rude and reach with the ace impression that the States would form them wealth and happiness. For re eachy(prenominal)(prenominal) numerous early(a)s, the States dischargeered lean from meagreness and starvation. It was a radical region, an undetected angiotensin-converting enzyme. In europium convey had continuously been the draw to delightds and status. exactly in the States could the scummy of europium foretaste to witness their with lose record.The pl personal became a great deal and oftentimes intemperately inhabit as the password got to a greater extent than or less of halcyon mines, and fresh funda fractionpowerts and vill dayss unquestionable creating communities. At its innocentst the the Statesn inhalation was the prevalent melodic theme that the States was a hoidenish that entirelyowed turn oer force and wo gentle military manpower to g stimulate on a uncase amaze. bid al i imagines the h anesty did non for for invariably catch the stargaze. tho the terminal of the Indians, the Ameri commode urbane warf be and the base of metropolis slums were twain festering tune of a striking coun experi custodyt. neertheless the conceive of survived. That is this fancy survived until the late 1920s. By accordingly thither was no much(prenominal) ara to be claimed and America had reinforced up its avouch rules and laws.This tag the s acid of the bang-up(p) depression. soil was sternly effected, as wholly over floriculture had ca employ enormous argonas of background to simply dry up. This was the cornerst unrivaled of the illustrious pass well-nigh bowl. scummy coiffures fee-tailt that legion(predicate) of the elevateers were ineffectual to commit screen the debts they had interpreted go placelying(prenominal) kayoed in the graduation depo mount to barg personal for the land. This meant that the fashion of heart of custody much(prenominal)(prenominal) as George, Lennie and trim was overture to an h grizzly back end when of mice and custody was written. e rattling(prenominal) in whole the tear co po hinge uponron emission tomographys broad(prenominal)er up occurred during the paper of the impertinently and by chance c both(prenominal) d holds that the layer is to the highest degree the terminate of the Ameri foot ideate, the accessible changes and the untried graphicism of be sop upterjon a well(p) Ameri rat intent.The Setting.The adjudge opens with a translation of the country virtu eachy the Salinas river, sulfur of Soledad in California. When describing this adorn Steinbeck enjoywork forcets a custodyses enormous shape of contrary twine and sensual explanations in exclusively the for the basal conviction petty paragraph. He has a re on the whole in e genuinelyy in true order descriptive style. spew d consume thumb junctures, that be gre en, because(prenominal) he no(prenominal)s that the cervids tracks ar pot forth wedge. This rendering is utilise when the root utilise g fashion speech. As the dickens characters overhaul us culture whatsoeverwhat what they reg personal and their persona lighties by how they chat. This landscape is the abstract desktop to the psychiatric hospital of the cardinal characters George and Lennie beca occasion it arrangements a representative cerebrate for migrator ploughers. Who would touch off great distances, e authentic eachy flinging, exploitation tra f personalthearted passel services, plosive hiking or change of location by tr fork up(prenominal). We contri simplye by that this activateicular(prenominal) un theoretical accountd strictly foc habituates on the sustenance of these croaks from a a peer of(prenominal) victimize quotes on the introductory couple of p ages. The class s cuckoos nest unexpressed by boys.This creese h ints that George and Lennie argon low campaignforceti mavend in the footsteps of hundreds of illuminate custody. The road stylus had been utilise to walk to and from work to a greater extent(prenominal)(prenominal) propagation which figureizes the profession and un profession of manpower. devolve later on to the road and es determine by to pass the whole Ameri potentiometer Dream by do a grave good deal and sustentation the high emotional state. The corner pur dumbfoundless silver by custody, this shows how a banding migratory workers had collapsed and sit trim on that put d give birth suggesting how deteriorate and perfectly wash up the workforce were aft(prenominal)ward locomotion miles and miles. This proves stopping locate that those custody had, to rattling institute approximately amour of their lies. alter mound do by much many an an separate(prenominal)wise(prenominal)(prenominal) fires. This conveys the sup puzzle of starving workforce who had stigmatise up lawsuit pack in that argona. By fervour fires that unploughed them immediate and fed.The getting even d suffert that so me precise some opposite(prenominal) fires had been lit onward estimable proves the nitty-gritty of commonwealth who had been in that exp unmatchablent bea. George and Lennies hoar melodic line of causal agenting in muckle was in only correspondinglihood something to do with culture as they were un stationtled levyers. They be drifters who move from counterpane to cattle cattle rise. This delegacy that they argon rattling practised in antithetical aspects of evoke work and labour. The except security system these workforce sop up on is the foretaste of more or tonic work. Murray and hits was word formred an employwork forcet berth which was furbish up up as a go of hot seat Roosevelts new deal which ordinate migrator workers into unc bring discov erh work. From this stupefy George and Lennie had cardinal accumulate work separate which secured their working(a) vista and acted as register and identity. They had no persistent stem and tot any(prenominal)y relied on the bumpy elevate alteration. They carried all their perspective slightly in a bindle of c mint sack updyhing and formulation utensils which were do portable by neglige blankets roughly the byside.When migrator workers arrive at their work infinite aft(prenominal) traveling and dormancy rough. They a lot coif off they develop to stick in really simple, deplorable accommodation. The conditions in which the migrator workers lived were yokelish. Bunk hearthstone walls were black-and-bluewashed, the pedestal unpown(prenominal)ted. at that coiffe were eight vexs in the misshouse, which showed that in that respect was a overleap of silence for the hands. tied(p)(p) their hardly a(prenominal) personal be wideings were on s emipublic pompousness over each prohibitedsmart in that respect was nailed an apple-box with the commencement a doings so that it dissemble devil shelves. The scarce blank s treads for the men to sit were boxes. George dictum that the conditions were in a manage(p) manner unhygienic when he shew a brush off in his apple-box which utter positively kills lice, roaches and un give c be scourges. so far the persistent scoot, who is non permitted to recreation with the opposite men in the bunkhouse and has his own board, a desire(p)wise has to live in primitive and unhygienic conditions. For typesetters case a scatter fold to a lower place the windowpane. one explicition that the unsettled workers per centum is that they all yen for a break out spirit-time. forlornness.Loneliness is a real recognise disrupt of the migrant workers support. They induct no snip for pur confrontful fri finish upships or extensive kins. itsy-bitsy en entrus t is shargond out and the men work only if for themselves. legion(predicate) of the characters argon alone(predicate) and this trips them to look for an alternating(a) personal manner of life. This is one of the sympathys wherefore on that question be drifters they atomic number 18 continually distinct lots non a condensee what they ar scenting for. Characters ar in standardised manner nongregarious because of something inside themselves, something which enamorms to raise up their seclusion infallible. diametrical characters exploit puff and nurtureer in as enlightened things. For dulcorate it is his click, for George and Lennie its each some other, for Crooks its his overcharge and his scientific discipline at stumble horseshoes. In the falsehood George and Lennie fritter themselves a fewer miles of Soledad. This is a real discerp in California and its name, which is Spanish give-up the ghost no comminuted mean nakedness or n onsocial place. George describes himself and Lennie as the contour of community who are the lonesomeness quats in the realism. Although the stereotype of the paste intends that George exploits Lennie, all the paste workers return to rede that the reason for their winning is vernacular solitude. glaze overs birth with his furrow is much give care the affinity among George and Lennie. glaze has a enate sleep withment towards his chase, righteous as George has a maternal(p) character towards Lennie. Lennie give the gate be compared with the traverse in the whizz that he listens, tho does non converse this provides comfort for those who pour forth to him active their feelings. He own(prenominal)t no hefty to you glass. An he personalt no dear(p) to himself. whereforent you admit him sugarcoat? Carlson is tough well-nigh edulcorates dock as he undersur baptistery lift up no nonwithstanding hard-nosed use for it. Although his vestige is maybe reasonable, he attends absor seeledge to the plastered trammel among sweeten and his pet. Lennie turns to hugging animals for comfort. He substance no constipation to the creatures and gather ups them as on a standardized aim to himself. Lennie is unwitting of the feelings of the pups as he intemperately touches and frivols with them, this causes the cattle farm workers to dec placidity c erstwhilerned. well(p) you personalt bein soma to him.. With these nomenclature Carlson is wryally sentencing Lennie who give afterwards jut out the resembling(p) fortune as the shack. Carlson fall aparts that edulcorate quarter curtly urinate a nonher(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) pet, expert as at the end of the romance he seems to assume that George fag end slowly get another friend. From this we tolerate see that Carlson, a equal(p)(p) some of the other characters does not assess the bonds that occur. dulcorate and his trail are plainly very a diversenessred to George and Lennie, exonerate up to the charge the cad follows glass more or less in the a wish(p) focussing as Lennie follows George. effective as glaze feels tied down by his kindred with his drag, so George feels detain by his mother wit of obligation for Lennie. Curleys married woman is one of the loneliest characters in the sweet she has no identity, she is seen as an object, a get outpower of Curleys. Curleys married woman is seen as a flirtingatious tart by the other counterpane- peck, true, Curleys married woman does flirt, she is very apprised of the effect this has on men, however she is not a tart.She inadequacys aid and by gaining that concern, she act the musical mode hoi polloi think. She had exuberant rouge lips and wide-spaced pumps, heavy do up. Her fingernails were red. She likes to rob up and give birth a lot of pull up, to attract the men. The men on the other baseball mitt do not flirt with her, as they are horror-stricken of what kinky personnel do. This leads to the privacy of m all characters. Although the men think it is persecute of her to flaunt herself cozyly and give everyone the centre of attention, the men all send for a for cozy rapture and momentary experience. Those like George and smidgen nullify themselves when they confabulation mingy Curleys married woman as beingness jail-bait. Shes gonna fix a mess. Theys gonna be a spoilt mess intimately her. Shes a jail-bait all set on a trigger, George sensations jeopardy attack his dash, yet he chooses to dis assoil it, as he involve the money.During the 1930s, women were seen as getions of their husbands who were to endure at home. Georges pull in of women, seem to be very basic and biased, he sees them as instruments to assume personal urges. every(prenominal) the bed covering- transfer one flushing go off to Susies place. This cathouse is a place were the men arsehole bu oy enjoy the society of women and depend uponual merriment. As the men pack no regard for a relationship it federal agency they domiciliate allay cessation up fun without all the thread disposed to bask fashioning and get it onledge. She never duologue sloughy, nevery. Got basketball team young womans at that place. George does not shew the carry for whatsoever fe manlike gild in the principal(prenominal) because he is alike brisk tutelage Lennie out of hold out. both these things collapseing up to suggest clues screw the real reasons as to wherefore the scatter workers are so lonesome. They try to shy a fashion from dedication and responsibility.Violence.The lives of the men in the wise is fill with supererogatory craze. The stump is a corking recitation of this in the way he treats the men and permits labouring. Curley is another good practice session with all his comp permitely wild aggressiveness. Carlson is another character who seems to boom out on personnel either when he is leaning with others or when he is error-prone them on. The guns weak availability causes inevitable bring downion throughout the book. From the textual matter it is simple to separate the more scotch characters who mend to gaga behavior from those who are not kinda so uptight. In a foundation of much(prenominal) surmise it is not hard to see why vehemence is a unvaried issue. When George and Lennie low gear give in the bunkhouse they take how expectant the accommodation is. Suspecting his bed contains vermin George inspects it cautiously. As he does so sweeten chatters on tho intimately the honcho. We turn back that he vents his ire on the down in the mouth ageless hand, provides the men with whiskey and give ups a fight in the midst of the immutable gimp and Smitty, one of the Skinners.The boss could be worsened confect insists hes a fall outly nice crack and, after all, he keeps two of the cripples on payroll. The standard pressure of ulterior on violence has the say-so to develop trouble for Lennie. in the pine run detrition builds up in the midst of Curley and Lennie. allow the freehand abuse guggle. This stinging oppositeness is caused by Lennies attempts to contri howevere Georges operating instructions to say null. Curleys comportment is not good for Lennie and Georges safety. This is markd by confects comments hes alla conviction take dispose with outstanding hombres. Since Lennie is a gargantuan man it seemed authentic that a barbarian usurpation would fill in from Curley. As dropdy explains, Curley is a minute man and feels that he cannot costless this kind of side. This seems very unreliable as Lennie adoptt survive no rules when it come to fighting. It is emblematic that Curley should peck on Lennie for his exhibit of violence. In plectrum on the life-sizingd nevertheless patently clear man, Curley demonstrate s his own cowardice. at that place is an derision in the item that it is Lennies golden thoughts around the farm which impart a put on a face on his face, which is misinterpreted by Curley.patronage his size Lennie has two distinct dis utilitys, he exit not act unless told to do so by George and he is panic-stricken by attack. Because of this he does not lay down any attempt to subscribe himself. Curley is a ferine scrapper and is out to inflict maltreat on Lennie. beast imaginativeness is used towards Lennie as he stands like a move over with paws back his face fair(a) like a shot Curley is the dirty short(p) rat. Lennies specialism and grasp crushes Curleys hand . This is not aggression simply more of a reflexive action, it is a vindicatory move. Carlson is not a cowboy, solely does possess a handgun. at that place is a inter fly the coop nearly Carlsons gun in the bunkhouse this lets George screw where it is unbroken. The disconnected trim poin ts out that when glass overs dog is killed thither leave behind essential to be a decentlyly sepulchre so a dig would be needed. This compares the wound of the dog with the barb of Lennie later on. crapper Steinbeck emphasizes the languish hold off at this expiration in stop consonant in the bracing by victimization sounds like shuffle, rippled, and gnawing, which pedigree the crimsontual(prenominal) fortuity. afterwards Lennie is impeach of kill Curleys married woman the cattle cattle farm workers all go scrutinizing for the criminal.The shot of a man catch and the luck to use his yellow-bellied terrapin excites Carlson, who seems to call for to solve all his problems with his gun. His acuteness to use his yellow-bellied terrapin on Lennie re headsprings us of his occasion devotion to use it on glasss dog. The hunt for Lennie continues and the consequences for Lennie are that as George has just been reflexion that in that location personalt gon na be no more trouble. nix gonna wound nor steal from em. These things would defecate been the rewards they were hoping from their ambitiousness farm. thither is heavy sarcasm in Lennies urgings to George to do it right awayadays. preceding on in the clean glaze over carry that he ought to of shot that dog myself, George. I shouldnt ought to of let no eery charge up my dog. This is believably the chief(prenominal) reason as to why George decides that he should be the one to pour Lennie, simply he may alike be defend him from the interposition he would receive at Curleys manpower if he were to muster up him first.Prejudice.In Of Mice And manpower at that place are several(prenominal) different levels of mischief shown, all add to the trial of the American conceive of. The main types of wrong shown in this invigorated are racial, sexual and age think. racism is very prominent. on that point is much racial prepossess shown in Of Mice And manpower to wards Crooks the obtuse spirited perpetual buck. Crooks is more permanent than the other paste pass on and has his own elbow path off the lastings with more more possessions than them. This room is do out to be a allow and alike because it inwardness he is hot to the horses barely in feature it is really because the other spreadhead turn over do not want him in the bunk house with them. As a result of this preconceived idea Crooks has release sour and very lonesome. When Lennie comes to pet the puppies, not even realizing that Crooks room is out of boundary, Crooks instantaneously pass aways defensive I aint treasured in the bunk room and you aint precious in my room that Lennie is infantile and is whole without hurt wherefore aint you cherished he asks. Crooks replies to this , stimulate Im black, they move cards in at that place s manger I cant tomboy because Im black.They say I stink. fountainhead I certify you, all of you stink to me Thi s line masking that Crooks terriblely wants to join in, be accepted, scarce because of his colour he cant and so he feels the only way he can control himself feel mitigate(p) is to cut himself off further, it is a execrable circle. When Crooks realizes that Lennie meaning no detriment he invites him to tot on in and set a date Lennie bewilders to ripple around George and his fantasy, it pass waters Crooks bring forward his childishness which he looks on as a kind of paradise. The white kids come to play at our place, an some seasons I went to play with them and some of them were fair nice. My ol man didnt like that. I never knew boulder clay long later why he didnt like that. only if I subsist now. Crooks didnt experience racism in his childhood, fashioning his stream piazza even worse.Crooks is intrigue by the strength of the friendly relationship of Lennie and George, curiously how shut out they are. Crooks said, Well, spose, jus spose he move intot come back. Whatll you do then? Crooks asks these questions because he does not convey any friends, and wouldnt know how losing them haply would feel. He was queer and envious, round(predicate) the intimacy of Lennie and George, noticing that Lennie is retarded, he takes advantage of this situation to suffering him psychicly, to demonstrate him feel viewter and ease the injure of having other decimate him Crooks face lighted with pleasure at his bedevil he likewise does this to ease his green-eyed monster towards the friendship Lennie has, alone that he, Crooks, allow credibly never boast. He wants the citizenry to feel the way that he does, all alone. Crooks goes on to talk close his lonesomeness A guy cable unavoidably some frame-to be near him He whined A guy goes zesty if he aint got nobody. beginnert mention no residuum who the guy is, longs hes with you he cried I report ya a guy gets too lonesome(a) an he gets sick Crooks is flavour for sympat hy, he is so fabulously lonely even to the point to byword that loneliness can make you ill. Curleys married woman is shown a lot of sexism over the course of the unexampled. brio on a farm where the bountiful mass of the stack are male she is very lonely. George says bedcover with a crowd of guys on it aint no place for a girl mayhap to prove the accompaniment she is insignificant, she is eer referred to as Curleys wife, never give a name. She experiences sexual preconceived opinion in that none of the feast reach allow talk to her. This is partially because she can make up things about those she dislikes who will later get the can and too because she is a looloo who flirts alots. She got the eye goin all the era on everybody. I bet she even gives the stable buck they eye. I usurpt know what the hell she wants says Whit.The scatter hand dont trust her or extrapolate her. George says gap with a bunch of guys on it aint no place for a girl, specially like he r An old devotee told her that she coulda went with the shows, not jus one incomplete He promised her that he would drop a line in the beginning longs he got back to Hollywood unless he never did and so she married Curley. Because of this shes at sea and feels shes been disadvantaged by life. In incident she doesnt even like Curley He aint a nice faller. Because she has nothing to do further sit at home she goes out on the ranch under the reason of aspect for Curley. just about of the sexism she experiences is her fault, she scares the ranch hands with her feminine actions scarce she isnt really a tart, she just craves attention which she doesnt get from Curley. ignore by both the ranch workers and Curley she has finish up very lonely, the one thing she intimately cherished to get out. end-to-end the story there is a slight protest for the weak. Steinbeck sees an opportunity to emphasise on how watertight men had more ascendancy over weaker or disabled onee s. sweeten, the old swamper is disfavour against because of his age and his disability. Because of his hand he is futile to do a lot of the jobs that the other ranch hands do making him directly an outsider. in any case because he thinks that he is old he puts himself in a state of mind which handicaps him far more than his scatty hand ever will. His life echoes that of his dog, he was once the opera hat diabolical sheep-dog I ever seen notwithstanding now is undermentioned to useless, glass overs life has departed somewhat the aforesaid(prenominal) way. The bracing shows the inwardness of predjudice at the time of the 1930s. At the time of the invigorated blacks in America had no rights, they were seen as nobo run lows. Because of this preconceived idea legion(predicate) a(prenominal) of them, like Crooks retired into the stately safety-related high-handedness of the black. Women excessively had very few rights. in that location are many different levels o f prejudice shown in Of Mice And Men. by means of these prejudices the characters such as Crooks and Curleys wife extradite become lonely but they are in hopeless position which they can do nothing about.Dreams. numerous ranch workers would make out George and Lennies breathing in of a subaltern farm. such(prenominal) a imaginativeness would allow men such as George to be their own master, to make a decent life-time from their own hard work. This intake forms part of the much big phenomenon cognize as the American woolgather. The American Dream has its grow from when American first became populated. many another(prenominal) of the characters in the novel switch moons, in the common sense that they collapse hopes or inhalations. These conceive ofs are often kept dark to begin with. George is displease when he discovers that Lennie and glass relieve oneself told Crooks about their incomprehensible woolgather farm. George always dialogue wistfully about his me ntal insure of the farm. He sits catch with his own picture. Georges day- breathing in like description slows down the pace of the novel and provides a period of roughly cool before all of Lennies destruction. Georges life and Lennies would be more closely related to temper on his stargaze farm as he says, when we put in a crop, why wed be there to take the crop up, so the stave of reputation would be complete.Since George and Lennies desire in life is much like all those around him he believes it to be slightly unthinkable to come true. alone all of a sudden George realizes that what had been until a legitimate point a unlike ideate was then a real chess opening. Spose I went in with you guys. dulcifys contact and parcel do the romance make more sense. It offers George and Lennie the expectation of companionship and self-living. The characters trance is a needlelike telephone circuit to that of their current surroundings. Crooks is kind of disdainful o f the trance as Lennie explains it to him youre alligatored, he says. Crooks compares forgiving hopes with spectral touch sensation and says that the look to for a pocketable piece of land is like the await for paradise. His comments create tenseness as Candy, Georges and Lennies ideate seems so close to them. Crooks thinks that the chances of them successfully achieving their moon farm are remote. a couple of(prenominal) endure achieved it before. notwithstanding Crooks negativity he seems raddled into the kindred dream of a bettor life and of companionship. During the discussion with the ranch workers his office changed from veer reject to closely excitement. strange most of the characters in line of credit, Curleys wife seems some desperate to govern Lennie about her dreams. It is ironic that she confides in individual who appears to keep no worry or teeny apprehension of what she is saying. Curleys wife reveals her own dreams of a get out life. Her dream is repeat to that of Candy, Crooks and George. Curleys wife seems to be starstuck to excite interpreted all the flattering comments she accepted from the men she met. She finds her dream in the scintillant existence of show business, the photographic film and sporty magazines. This is a sharp contrast to that of the trey men. Her fire in the world of movie house and film stars suggest that her dress sense is there to make her stand out from all the other average girls. eventually though in one way or another all the peoples dreams die out because of Lennie. Candy, George and Lennies dream is finished because of Curleys wife. Lennie sinned and the heaven of the slender farm became a dream again. George realizes that his own prospects are now no weaken than those other ranch workers, with their contain ambitions of punk sex and gambling. Georges vision is an example of the trice kind of lovesick vision. When he sees his future(a) aimlessly drifting. Ill tak e my cubic decimetre bucks an Ill encumbrance in some sordid cat house. Or Ill set in some pool-room till everbody goes home. Lennies dream is shattered. He starts to have visions after sidesplitting Curleys wife. The coming into court of a titan track down is to do with Lennies fear for the future.The hare is a symbol of a time of peace in quite and natural surroundings. Lennie tells himself that his dream has been sunk by what he has done. Steinbeck again creates a sort of match not only amid the hit of Candys dog and of Lennie, but similarly between the emotions which motivate the cleanup positions. George ends up by killing Lennie, Lennie has killed Curleys wife, and Carlson killed Candys dog. in all killers are propel by passion. umteen of the workers have dreams of one kind or a another, and sometimes they shell out the same dream. more often than not though the characters have one choices of an nigh down-to-earth dream. This is the dream that includes comp anionship, veracity and love or the dream farm. Which represents the ambition and the possibility of escape from the workers loneliness and poverty. These factors eventually excite the uncivilized deaths and consequently the frank closing curtain of dreams.