Operation management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 4

Operation management - Assignment ExampleMoreover, operation management deepens the quality of run and and so develops the acceptance of the organisation among the consumers. Furthermore, operation management helps in superviseing the services and develop the same to arouse the standard leading to consumer satisfaction (Kleindorfer & et. al., 2005).With this regard, the paper elaborates on the operation management prevalent in the world-wide Hotel Groups. Operation management is observed to be crucial for the group as it helps in enhancing the level of services and consumer satisfaction at a global domain. The hotel group started operating in the year 1946 and has been successfully evolution its global consumer base across culture. Moreover, with the elite class services and luxurious offerings the hotel has been successfully developing its understand among the consumers, planning for luxurious destinations. With its elegance and distinctive styles that is distinguishable fro m the other hotels makes it ultimate travel destinations for tourists. However, the hotel needs to monitor their present situations to develop their quality in order to enhance their consumer base. This would help in developing the unalike approaches of the hotel services to meet with the elated needs of the consumers. The paper would also focus on developing the opposite environmental changes that has been initiating the organisation to manage such changes and increase their consumer services with the help of operation management (1IHG, 2013).The action objectives support enhancement of different approaches of an organisation by providing guidelines that would help in developing the services. This aspect would enhance the organisational ability to meet with the elated needs of the consumers. It provides with the development of different approaches and helps in assessing the same to enhance the

The Personal Statement According Architecture Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The According Architecture - Personal Statement ExampleThe diverse nature of students in the CCA community also attracted me to the institution as I will get a chance to act with students from diverse backgrounds.Architecture plays a great constituent in capturing a communities history and culture in a given era or historical period. Architectural works such as the papistic Coliseum, Taj Mahal, Empire state building and etcetera all capture the communities history during the time they were constructed. The cultural hereditary pattern of a community this is well captured in many areas by its architectural designs. Well-versed architects are very heavy in this regard if culture is to be preserved and thus my keen interest in this field.Architects are also the builders of the environment or habitation in which the populace lives at a given time. When we hit well-trained architects, like that done in your institution, the contribution to the community is immense. They are able to plan cities and amenities with the status of the future in perspective. Haphazard planning and construction of cities result in problems in the future in the areas of poor drainage, sewerage and road networks. Architects help to enhance and improve a communities way of life since recent methods and building materials are being discovered in every generation and they are the implementers of the same.With Society indirect request to move on towards civilization and modernity in all spheres of life, architecture plays a major role in enhancing this. The man has migrated from living in caves to the ultra-modern habitations that are springing up all over the world. I sapidity I would contribute immensely to the community as your college equips me with the necessary knowledge and skills in this field.

History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

History - analyze ExampleScott and Shade point out that the civil rights move handst fights motivated others to struggle for justice. Through smooth direct action and registration of voters, student movement gave origin to profoundly liberation experiences that afterward engulfed American campuses and, soon after, American war in Vietnam (221). According to Reichard, in 1950s, there was underlying poverty in America and so was tranquility and domesticity visible than real. In the growing civil right movements, African-American men and women prearranged their communities and launched firm protest against prejudice and separation, taking courage from national liberation movement in tout ensemble over the world. Reichard further explains that womens movement took shape in most part of the world advocated for socialite womens lib evolutionally change, called for extension liberal feminism of the rights of men and women, exploitation of reproductive capacity and women sexuality and d evaluing of women radical feminism. complaisant right society had a wide range of objectives.

The War on Drugs is a Failure. So What Can Be Done About it Research Paper

The War on Drugs is a Failure. So What Can Be through About it - Research Paper ExampleIn addition, 60% of the total violence in the unify States is related to drug breastwork which means that the barrier of drugs only induces violence (Maginnis) The violence that resulted in the prohibition of drug is non new. It is usually the case when something is banned. The same was the case when alcohol was still prohibited. It was only lifted during the Great Depression when the government adopted a pragmatist approach to the worry due to the escalating violence associated with its prohibition and instead opted to make money out of it to help lift the country out of the depression by impose it. As a result, violence associated with alcohol became almost non-existent. The same is to a fault the case in gambling. Violence becomes the norm when it becomes illegal and so is with prostitution when it is outlawed. Violence becomes a natural consequence of a prohibitive policy beca practice se ssion it creates black markets where the law cannot supervise but would become otherwise if the fabrication is legalized. The problem of violence in prohibiting drugs is compounded by the fact that a prohibitive policy corrupts institutions. Since a prohibitive policy threatens the industry of illegal drugs, it is inevitable that bribery, extortion, threat and other undesirable practices will sprout for the industry to survive. It is worsen by the fact that the enforcement of banning drugs comes with a price that drains public purse. Federal, state and local governments flatten roughly $44 billion per year to enforce drug prohibition. These same governments forego roughly $33 billion per year in tax revenue they could collect from legalized drugs, assuming these were taxed at rates equal to those on alcohol and tobacco (Miron). ... The prohibitive policy against drugs does not only forgo the government income from taxing it but instead make it spend to enforce a policy that is fu tile. The strange thing well-nigh rabidly banning drugs with draconian measure is that countries which prohibits it such as United States has the highest rates of cocaine and marijuana clapperclaw compared to countries which has a liberal drug laws such as E.U. and Portugal which has the lowest. In a study conducted by Cato ground early April this year, it reported that policies that prohibit the use of drug is usually based on speculation and fright mongering rather than empirical evidence on the effects of more lenient drug policies (Szalavitz). The fear that legalizing extracurricular drugs will only exacerbate the drug problem did not actually happen. It showed that the legalization of drugs in Portugal has neutralised its ill effects which used to be its problem that is now pervasive in countries that ban illegitimate drugs. Consider the results of the Portugals policy of decriminalizing drugs. What was feared that the country will become a nation of drug addicts did not actually happen but in fact, helped solved the drug problem. Just when it was anticipated that drug use will rise, Portugal in fact had the lowest rate of lifetime marijuana use in good deal over 15 in the E.U. The use of the former illegal drugs among seventh through ninth graders to a fault fell from 14.1% to 10.6% and the drug use in older teens also declined. Lifetime heroin use among 16-to-18-year-olds also fell from 2.5% to 1.8%. This development had a positive side effect on the curbing new human immunodeficiency virus infection because it fell 17% because needles do not need to be shared anymore with legalizing the drugs (Szalavitz). Also,

Role of Multinationals on Productivity of Firms Essay

Role of Multinationals on Productivity of Firms - Essay ExampleA benchmark model to contrast income from local and multinational corporations is an insight to the contribution of multinational corporations on engineering science spillovers that benefit local firms. However, results from the case studys contribution of multinationals on growth of firms atomic number 18 quite confusing with both(prenominal) positive and negative contributions. Pertinent questions on the issue of technological advancements attributed to multinationals perturb the numerous stakeholders in this field. Uncertainties dissimulation on whether the engineering can be used effectively, competition and the market success of the new technology (Kafouros, 2008). There is evidence of recent appraisal for multinationals with hostilities based on factors such as globalization (Gorg and Greenway, 2004). The forethought of bipartite connection of multinationals and positive effectuate is always present. Some auth ors state that these are just effects from subsidiary factors such as inflation tax, currency stability and difficulties by most communities to embrace convince (Reinert, Tajan & Glass, 2008). Technology transfer and multinationals Theoretically, the fact that competitive edge given by technological superiority non only improves a firms productivity, but also its general economic per kindance is wide accepted. Kafouros (2008) looks at technology transfer to encompass techniques involving the use of better machinery. This definition is quite constrictive and does not give better insight to the varied advantages of multinationals in technology transfer. A more knowledgeable and pedagogic approach interfaces this concept with innovative organizational, technological, managerial as well as more efficient fruit processes. More striking, is its recent contribution to globalization and an increase in demand for better produce by consumers. Technology in this context can be looked at in the essence of a form of embodiment. It can be looked at as general info, specific information, practice and hardware. General information involves abstract know how on a method of operation or system. For example learning how to operate machinery. peculiar(prenominal) information is just as the title explains it involves details on the whole process of a technology. For instance, information on what a software is made of, how it operates, in what instances it is used and for what purpose. Procedures are codified instructions in the operations of a certain technology. Lastly, hardware involves information in physical form for example a piece of equipment originating from the source of technology. These technology transfers are usually obtained from spill over channels (Gorg & Greenway, 2004). Imitation, competition, exports and skills acquisition from multinationals are said to be ways of improving productivity. Imitation was successfully used in most Asiatic countries and Lati n America in the manufacturing industry (Aitken & Harrison, 1999, 618). This is more of the transfer of knowledge and should not be humiliated with replication (Gorg & Greenway, 2004). As noted by Freeman and Shaw (2009), the complexity of a process in concomitant with duration of exposure, greatly determine imitation. Research done by Freeman and Shaw (2009) shows that the presence of multinationals in lacquer was an insight to the countrys initial engagement in exportation. The sentiments are shared by other(a) scholars such as Grog & Greenway (2004) who state

Impact of technology on society Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

have-to doe with of technology on society - Research Paper ExampleElectronics development has transformationized the way of doing things from social, economical, political and ethnic aspects callable to transformation of commuting and communication from perceiving to listening and from writing to reading. Electronic technology contains within itself political, economic and social properties due to its great influence on major areas of peoples lives. Electronic revolution implies the changes that have taken places to introduce the 21st century electronic through the electronic media such as the radio, television and lately, the internet.The evolution of electronic engineering has significantly influenced peoples perception of their past ideas, the recognition of the future and the future impacts. This has led to transformation of the society as old ways of doing things are replaced with clean and advanced means. Peoples welfare and environment were highly natural before invent ion of electronics and hence cases of intense environmental degradation were rare. Before the intense development of electronic technology, scientific application in running the economy was very low and therefore there was reduced communication between markets due to the absence of globalization in trading activities. World markets were disintegrated which resulted in higher tariffs and other blockades. Socially, people industrious more on face to face communication and most transactions were conducted at a natural level due to limitations on the basis of forms of communication available. Dealings and activities between people of distance locations were significantly less thereby confining people to dealing with a constrained system. Politically, nations enjoyed properly demarcated boundaries with less cases o multilateralism. Furthermore, industrial and financial activities had highly demarcated boundaries with no cases of overlap.Electronic technology is used

Internet Banking at Citibank UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

cyberspace Banking at Citibank UK - Essay ExampleMarketers are now focusing on exist node festering rather than just new customer acquisition. Major changes have occurred in the traditional view of customer defection rates, most noticeably in the banking industry where churn has increased from -10 percent in 2003 to around +20 percent by 2005. These studies showed that the supposedly massive rates of customer inertia in banking is no longer a given. Banks need to fight for every customer, not only to capture each whiz but, more importantly, to retain them. One economic justification for this mindset change was the research finding that it crowd out cost five times more to obtain a new customer than to keep an existing one. What started the trend towards customer loyalty was Reichheld who found that a 5 percent increase in loyalty can lead to a 25 to 85 percent increase in profitability.On the contrary, Reinartz and Kumar argued that whilst armed service customers over a long period may be beneficial, long-term customers may not needs be profitable, and that managers should not equate customer retention with increased lifetime spending, decreased cost of service, and rase price sensitivity. They concluded that companies should study if long-term customers stay profitable, implying that if they are not, the business must jettison those customers who obliterate into profits.These were the concepts in our mind when we decided, exploring its look and feel and the products offered, and evaluating the over-all Internet-based customer experience.

Create or use an existing company Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Create or use an existing company - Term Paper ExampleThere ar some of import factors that company has to deal with. As most of the kookie-drink and beer bottles are liable for reuse and recycling, company gets some of its black material from defected and used bottles that are supplied back by the beer companies. However, a number of bottles do not change by reversal and company has to involve glass as the raw material of new bottles. There had been a stagnant increase in the food market place since last three years which provides and tenderness for sibylline upcoming market demands. In light of those factors company has to keep a well(p) number of bottles that can be supplied urgently when required by buyers. On the other hand, a large number of bottles made in make out can reach a burden over companys investing strength. That would also create a lack of fluency in companys cycle of work. Thus, company has to involve a concrete Inventory management that keeps the overall demand and supply chain in a safe and trustworthy position to provide continuous profit to Volga Glasses. The supply chain and IT Factors Obviously, the purpose of Volga Glasses is to produce and manage its supply chain to perform with a perfect smoothness that does not shake scour in the conditions of an urgent tide in market situations. Company uses elegant IT techniques to manage that smoothness. Chiefly the bills are collected as electronic data providing an exact record of supply over a finical period. While mostly a supply chain is maintained over longer period alike(p) a year or six months, Volga Glasses is bound to use three month estimation because of the nature of its assets and frequently wavering requirements. Three years ago company has ordered a software product organization to design software for their inventory management. The software had produced good results while it had been quite dependent of valet de chambre inputs and mandatory analysis by the supervisor s of Volga Glasses. This software Smart-Task bases its strategy in collecting the supply data and compare the overall cost of raw materials added with the labor and mechanical expenses. Over the time it also manifests the comparative graphs of market tides during various supply chain periods. Company manages to base its strategies in short term chains much(prenominal) as three months as well as yearly managements of supply chains. During last years it had hump out that Smart-Task has been accurate and efficient in processing the data to manifest a scenario of the market. However, during the recent straightaway ups and downs of market the estimations of Smart-task have failed when external situations like a temporary recession had stricken the market of soft drinks. Therefore an analysis of Companys requirement and reliability of IT over numerous patterns of system of enquiry is mandatory. Synchronization of IT and HR Out of the data processing methodology of Smart-Task, it has co me out that it depends solely on human inputs which provide a base for calculations and estimations. Companys HR department is responsible for providing the supposed information for future uplifts and lowering of market because Smart-Task puts the data in various graphs that ease the methods of comparisons provide a manifestation of supply chain. The requirement of advance inventory is calculated on a

Environmental Factors Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Environmental Factors - Case Study ExampleCultural, political, economic, technological, and agonistic environments differ from ground to nation. Marketing on a global scale requires that Sam conjunction representatives make adjustments to existing merchandise plans to satiate local conditions understanding the nuances of these environmental factors depart prove advantageous. Market question, such as that done by Wal-Mart Sotres, Inc., plays a very large role in addressing these factors and understanding the adjustments that must be made to in effect market on an international level.Social and cultural environmental factors focus on the interactions of groups of people within a nation characteristics, growth projections, numbers, and interactive behaviors (Bearden, et al., 2003). The economic environmental factor refers to the buying power of latent consumers. Understanding how strong or weak the consumer economy is in a new country will ensure Sams Clubs ability to meet and exceed the customers expectations and needs. Marketing practices and several ethical concerns can be find by researching a nations political system. For example, labor laws vary from one nation to another advertising laws may be different and various regulations in different nations can affect marketing practices and, occasionally, marketing effectiveness (Bearden et al., 2003). Technological environmental factors involve trends in innovations these factors can determine how marketing plans are performed or carried out. Finally, the competitive environmental factors entail understanding how many organizations currently compete to serve the consumers with similar product lines and work offered by Sams Club (Bearden, et al., 2003).Cultural differences from nation to nation will sometimes effect the types of products to be offered. Armstrong and Kotler (2005) theatrical role McDonalds as an example of using product diversity to market to different nationsMcDonalds uses the same ba sic operating(a) formula in its restaurants around the world but adapts its menu to local tastes. It uses chili sauce alternatively of ketchup on its hamburgers in Mexico. In Vienna, its restaurants include McCafes, which offer coffee blended to local tastes, and in Korea, it sells roast pork on a bun with a garlicky soy sauce. In India, where cows are considered sacred, McDonalds serves chicken, fish, vegetable burgers, and the Maharaja Mac- two all-mutton patties, special sauce, lettuce, cheese, pickles, onions on a sesame-seed bun (p. 534).Armstrong and Kotler (2005) have in effect demonstrated how McDonalds was able to address and overcome cultural environmental factors by offering something other than hamburgers to countries and societies that do not eat them. To successfully enter new cultural markets, Sams Club, along with Wal-Mart Stores Inc., will need to research differences in brand and product expectations, as well as the delivery of these products.Growing technology al lows Sams Club and marketing research teams in Wal-Mart Stores, Inc., to monitor the and identify key environmental factors by tracking marketing trends for example, demographic research and other data can prove to be invaluable for use as marketing tools. By using technology, such

Jellyfish Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Jellyfish - strive ExampleJellyfish have no head, spine, heart, piths, or brain. Instead of having a brain, the creature has a sickening system also referred as the nerve net that consists of receptors that detect the odor, light, and other responses. Additionally, Jellyfish has sensory organs known as Rhopalia that helps in maintaining balance. They have a primitive sense that consists of the neural net and eye spots commonly used to sense dark and light. Jellyfishes body is comprised of three moulds. The outer layer referred as epidermis, the inner layer known as the gastrodermis, and the middle layer referred as the mesoglea. The epidermis is the most distinguished layer that covers the external body of this creature. The epidermis protects the skin from the invasion of harmful substances in the body. The gastrodermis protects the inner layer of the ship of the line. Typically, Jellyfish has a simple digestive cavity referred as the coelenterons that are used as the digest a nd excretory organ. The coelenterons operate like a gullet, intestines, and stomach through the mouth. On average, the length of jellyfish tentacle is twain to ten meters and the length can grow tremendously. A study conducted by King (22), indicates that the longest jellyfish to have lived was 120 feet. Jellyfish are carnivores and they tend to increase rapidly when the food is plentiful. These creatures feed on small crustaceans and zooplankton just to name a few. Jellyfish are nonaggressive, free-swimming, and surrounded by tentacles with poisoning and hurt cells. The tentacles contain sacs filled with poison that can be life-threatening. With its severity in mind, researchers have provided facts and information on how to treat this sting. To remove the sting, integrity should use tweezers, thick clothing, gloves, or sticks (Lindeen 33). According to this research, one should not strain the sting with bare skin since the sting is poisonous and can severely affect the skin. On e should send away away the item used for removing the sting to avoid stinging yourself later. To fully deactivate the poisonous sting, one should pour vinegar on the stung for

Probation and Parole- More Than a Way of Getting Criminals out of Research Paper

Probation and Parole- More Than a Way of Getting Criminals out of Prison - Research Paper theoretical accountIn recent years there has been a problem in the United States of the prison house universe rapidly growing, which has been causing financial problems as well as issues with finding the space to incarcerate the criminals . As a consequence, there has been a trend towards probation and parole as methods of getting criminals out of prison former and back in society. In addition to reducing prison population, it is thought that this may also answer the individualistics to successfully rehabilitate into society, reducing their rate of recidivism. Although studies indicate that the success of probation and parole may be limited, the turn nevertheless appears to be effective for some individuals, and there are processes that give notice be belowtaken to increase this effectiveness. preponderance of Probation/Parole Parole and probation are widely used as means of justice, an d these are often considered to be community corrections. Probation is part of the sentence that is initially handed from the judge when following a trial. It can bechance in addition to or instead of time in prison. Parole occurs when an inmate is conditionally released from prison after serving all or a part of his sentence. In both cases the individual is at a lower place a set of conditions, such as they are not allowed t associate with certain individuals, cannot rely crimes or visit certain locations. If the individual breaks these conditions, then they are subject to imprisonment. In m any cases the wrongdoers attendance to these conditions is determined by their supervision by a parole or probation officer. The outcome of individuals under community correction at any given time is full(prenominal), much higher than that of the prison population. For example, in 2003, there were around 2.1 million adults incarcerated, but approximately 4.8 million undergoing either paro le or probation . These numbers were not unique to that year, but instead represent the general trend . There is no unified system for probation and parole across states. Instead each state has their own guidelines and laws surrounding the set in which criminals are eligible, the length, restrictions that are placed on the individual and other factors . Because of this, the manner in which individual supervisors treat those they are in charge of differs significantly between different people, cities and states . The recent changes in sentencing laws sop up resulted in an increase in the number of people who are receiving community corrections . It is likely that any solution to the problem of high numbers of incarcerated inmates will result in increases to the number of people under probation and parole . This will result in an increased workload for those involved in supervision of offenders. The originator of officers has increased significantly in recent times. Currently many parole and probation officers are able to tend weapons, as well as administer drug tests to determine whether the offender is remaining drug throw in . Effectiveness One of the key roles of probation and parole is to reduce the rate of criminals reoffending. This is an important issue, as more than ii thirds of released prisoners have been found to reoffend within three years of their release . Studies have shown that while probation and parole can be effective as a method of sentencing for many individuals, the rate of recidivism remains very high . One factor that limits the effectiveness of probation is the fact that a large number of people on probation and par

The rise of modern trade unionism in America Essay

The rise of modern trade federationism in America - Essay ExampleA labor union or a trade union refers to a body that represents workers. Through the leadership of the union, negotiations and bargains take place with the employer on behalf of the employees who in this case ar the members of the union. The negotiations are mainly on rules that govern the employee, working conditions bargain on wages and workplace indemnity on employee safety among others.In the history of America, the gilded age is a term used to refer to the prodigious polarization of wealth and wastage of the same by the upper class of raft in the US afterwards the civil war. This is precisely the period between the 1870s and the 1890s.This polarization of wealth resulted from the expansion of both the population and industries in the United States, (Arthur M. 2000).During this period, there was an extremely rapid growth in small factories mines, stores and other corporations. There was withal diversity in ra ce due to the change magnitude in-migration rates. The growth in businesses inflated immigration due to the availability of employment opportunities. The sloshed entrepreneurs established corporations, enterprises and major businesses.The gilded age was largely characterized by massive industrial growth. The productivity of American manufacturing was way beyond that of France, Germany, And the Great Britain. The mileage of Railroad grew trinity periods more for the period between 1860 and 1880.The aspect up of new areas for the purposes of business farming contributed to the creation of a marketplace that was national. It also inspired a boom in the mining of coal and work of leaf blade.The large desire for capital made it possible for the consolidation of Americas pecuniary markets. By the year 1900, stinting focus had spread to most of the other ranches of industrialization. Large corporates were dominant in the agriculture and industrial sectors of the economy. The steel industry was also up and coming.There was an increase in the mechanization of the industries and this largely marked the specious Age as a cheaper alternative to creating more products. At this time it was recommended that efficiency was sought by the use of machinery rather than workers in order to contribute to fewer motions in a shorter duration of time. The redesign lead to acceleration in the speed of the machinery in the various factories while at the same time increasing the output of the factories and reducing the factory requirements for labor that was skilled, (Fine, Sidney, 1996).The mechanization rendered the unskilled laborers not busy. They were commonly twisty in the repetitive and simple tasks with the guidance of an engineer and a foreman who was skilled. The rates of wages increased by the day and so did the numbers of both the skilled and unskilled laborers. Colleges for engineering related courses were added I numbers to meet the demand of expertise and skill ed labor force. This turn of events and the massive industrialization contributed to the setting up of a diverse working class that created the wealth that was amassed by the up coming financiers and industrialists. These wealthy industrialists more often than not influenced the business process or even carried out unethical financial manipulations. Due to their unbecoming behavior in financial manipulation, these wealthy industrialists were popularly known as the buccaneer barons, (Smythe, Ted C. 2003). During this time, there was a minor labor movement that was established by the name of American coalition of labor, (FLA).This movement was however politically involved and featured close associates of the democrats and republicans. Almost all the eligible people into this movement were

Managing human resources management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Managing humanity resources counselling - Essay ExampleThrough effective human resource care, employees can contribute effectively to the boilersuit company success and attainment of goals. Human resource management is in addition responsible for maintaining outstanding associations amongst employees within the organization. Every employee in an organization has his or her personal goals, and it is the responsibility of human resource management to ensure that the goals of the organization integrate with the individuals goals. Therefore, this paper will focus on religious offering recommendations to St-Patricks Nursing Home human resource manager on how to eliminate the numerous human resource problems and improve on employee retention.Recruitment and selection are a process that engrosses numerous activities that aim a great deal of time. The primary aim of recruitment and selection is to guarantee that the most withdraw individuals with the most appropriate skills are emplo yed by an organization. The health sector is a huge servicing industry that experiences rapid changes. This makes the recruitment process subject to numerous internal and external factors. The selection results should ascend from a systematic and comprehensive process (Fottler et al, 2007 32). In planning for recruitment, a human resource practitioner is required to be in apprehension of the wider issues that involve the recruitment process.When planning the recruitment of people in the health organization, it is imperative to identify the requirements of a art (Fottler et al, 2010 45). The staffing needs are articulated in the job analysis. A job analysis is a purposeful and systematic process that offers significant, descriptive information on the job vacancy (Durai, 2010 77). This analysis offers a broken down evaluation of different components of the job. This analysis also gives the basis of the functions of the personnel (Fottler et al, 2007 56). Needless to say, this anal ysis can work best

Effects of Capital Punishment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

effect of seat of government Punishment - Essay ExampleThe crimes, which result in a death punishment, include. This study reveals that, nigh 58 countries across the globe practice detonator punishment while the majority has abolished its application (McClellan, 231). Capital punishment is a controversial matter in many countries. For instance, states in the European Union stamp out the exercise of upper-case letter punishment. Although many countries have abolished capital punishment, over 60% of the worlds population lives in countries that take executions like china, USA and Indonesia. Application of capital punishment Violent crime according to police cultivation and hurt party surveys refers to any offense in which the wrongdoer has some corporal contact with the injured party. These crimes include robbery with violence, carjacking, ambush, rape, physical attack and murder (McClellan, 231). Offenders of such crimes face tough action from the whitlow justice system. Prop onents of capital punishment argue that the death sentence is a fair and ethically gratifying punishment for offenders who commit intentional murder (McClellan, 231). Whereas opponents of death sentence often, assert that executions deny the fundamental consequence of human life their case reveals a misinterpretation of the intention of barbarous justice, which is to discipline a criminal in proportion to the damage ca go ford by his crime (McClellan, 231). Other proponents of capital punishment claim that homicide is perversive by executing victims who consciously murder. It is imperative to note that, rehabilitation and correction remain common in states, which rarely practice capital punishment. Capital punishment is not barbaric because the executor makes sure that a convicted offender undergoes minimal pain possible during execution. The state has a judicial a right to perform capital punishment on offenders of violent criminals (McClellan, 231). This is in quest for justic e to the victims and the society. Further opposition to the death penalty is based on precise personality of the defendant, for instance there is opposition in sentencing to death deserted victim at the time of the offence, those with psychological impairment and illness, pregnant women, or the old age (Goldman and Ann, 321). This subject intends to examine effects that result from capital punishment. This may be expounded to the families, victims, society and the justice system. Effects of capital punishment This section aims to examine the effects of the death penalty on the culture of life and a society, and the criminal justice system change of mind towards human life and dignity. In the face of a rising number of deaths, efforts should be made to promote a culture of life (Draper, 119). The response to situations, which look at the death penalty, should be attained through endorsement of the needed reform of the criminal justice complex body part in order to protect the soc iety in an efficient manner. Effects on Families Family values rank that the affected members should be taken care off and the quest for social justice and compensation enhance (Draper, 119). They require sympathy, togetherness and assistance of any nature (McClellan, 234). Whereas, supporting familys victims does not oblige society to use capital punishment because family members left cannot be settled with an illusion of closure and acquittal. Capital punishment cannot impart back the life of a loved one nor erase the wounds by instilling another death. An pick to the death

An analysis of corporate governance in the GCC countries and the Literature review - 1

An analysis of corporate governance in the GCC countries and the impact of shariah law on it - Literature review ExampleOther than the parties within the organization, corporate governance is overly concerned with the relationships that exist among the stakeholders of an organization and its impact to the achievement of the organizations goals and objectives.In modern stage business organizations, major external business stakeholders implicate trade creditor, customers, suppliers, sh arholders, debtors and the general public members who are directly or indirectly affected by the corporations activities (Maria and Thomas, 1999). There are also some inner stakeholders in every organization that too need to be taken care of by the management. These include the employees, board of directors, executives and management itself. The external stakeholders need more attention than the internal stakeholders since they are the one who attention in meeting the expectations of the external on es.There are many debates held by scholars, researchers and modern economist on how economic well being is impacted by the corporate governance existing in a country or a certain trade block. The issue of concern here is the welfare of shareholders, who are the most sensitive external stakeholders in every corporation. Majority of these debaters argue that there is need to nominate regulatory policies to ensure that companies have given the necessary priority to the needs of shareholders. To them economy efficiency in any country depends strongly on the ability of that country to attract many domestic and transnational investors. This can only be achieved if shareholders are satisfied hence attracting more investors or they can unconstipated increase their investment by increasing capital (Becht, 1997),There issue of concern in this regard is basically on how corporate governance has been taking place in different parts of the cosmos with more emphasis put on the Gulf Cooperatio n Council Countries

Summary and analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Summary and analytic thinking - Essay spokespersonThe quantitative information collected like the heel of events under the three categories of big, small and medium, event frequency, number of customers covered, selling prices and costs for different items, cost of equipment, various costs etc. is listed out and based on this, financial projections have been made to study the viability of the project. Projections have been made from January to December taking seasonal variations into account. terce products juice, smoothies and soup are assumed to be sold at specified prices. Depreciation of trailer and equipment has been shown as trailer cost and equipment cost.Almost the entire investment is assumed to be funded by a loan. of 30,000. dinero projections are made month-wise and the Present value of the cash flows has been calculated using a discount pasture of 4.4% and the total PV works out to 75653.53, much higher than the investment of 30287.64. However, the initial investm ent seems to have been calculated in counteractly by including various items of expenditure like electricity, petrol etc. and an additional amount of 500. The correct value of investment should be 22,450 including moreover the trailer cost 14,950 and the equipment cost 7,500. The NPV will be 75,636.53-14,950 = 60,686.53.The NPV analysis shows that the project is viable and it can be taken up. The profit projections will be realistic only(prenominal) if the assumptions made about the selling prices, costs and the volume of business are correct. Moreover, as pointed out earlier, the computation of the initial investment is incorrect and needs to be corrected. Moreover, the discount rate of 4.45 per month appears to be genuinely high, since this will be equivalent to an annual rate of more than 50%. However, these corrections will only have the effect of improving the NPV.Based on the analysis, the proposal is viable and

The Philippine Overseas Employment Administration Essay Example for Free

The Filipino abroad function giving medication EssayThe Philippine Overseas Employment memorial tablet (POEA) is an agency of the Government of the Philippines responsible for opening the benefits of the abroad employment political program of the Philippines. It is the main government agency charge to observe and supervise recruitment agencies in the Philippines. The POEAs office is located at EDSA corner Ortigas Avenue, Mandaluyong City, Philippines. The POEA has an organizational structure with the POEA Governing Board at the top.The escritoire of Labor and Employment heads the Governing Board, and the POEA executive as vice-chairman and representatives from the private, women, sea-based and land-based sectors as members. The Philippine Overseas Employment Administration was established in 1982 through Executive Order No. 797. The goal of the agencys establishment was to promote and monitor the contrary employment of Filipino role players. The POEA was reorganized in 1987 through Executive Order No. 47 in order to respond to changing markets and economic conditions, and to strengthen components that would protect Filipino workers and the regulatory components of the overseas employment program The Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act of 1995 instituted State policies of overseas employment and established standards for security system and promotion of welfare for migrator workers and their families, and for overseas Filipinos in distress.The act specifies, Migrant worker refers to a any(prenominal)body who is to be engaged, is engaged or has been engaged in a remunerated drill in a state of which he or she is not a legal resident to be use interchangeably with overseas Filipino worker. Regarding deployment of migratory workers, the act mandates, The State shall deploy overseas Filipino workers entirely in countries where the rights of Filipino migrant workers are protected In 2010, Republic Act No. 10022 amended some of these provi sions, including those quoted above.Among other changes, the paragraph defining the term Migrant worker was amended to read, Overseas Filipino worker refers to a mortal who is to be engaged, is engaged or has been engaged in a remunerated activity in a state of which he or she is not a citizen or on tabular array a vessel navigating the foreign seas other than a government ship used for military or non-commercial purposes or on an installation located offshore or on the high seas to be used interchangeably with migrant worker. , and the introductory text regarding deployment was amended to read, The State shall allow the deployment of overseas Filipino workers only in countries where the rights of Filipino migrant workers are protected. The POEA is an attached agency of the Department of Labor Employment (DOLE) taxed to debate the countrys labor migration program. Their vision Excellence in governance for world-class Filipino migrant workers.While regarding their mission POEA c onnects to the world, and, in partnership with all stakeholders, facilitates the generation and preservation of decent jobs for Filipino migrant workers, promotes their protection and advocates their smooth reintegration into Philippine society. Structure The POEA Administrator oversees the daily operations of the agency and is supported by three deputy administrators.The Deputy Administrator for Employment and Welfare oversees the Pre-Employment work Office and the Welfare and Employment Office. Under the Deputy Administrator for Adjudication and Employment Regulation are the Licensing and Regulation Office and the Adjudication Office. The Deputy Administrator for Management handles the oecumenic administrative and support services of the administration. The POEA has three (3) Regional Centers which are located inLa Union for Luzon, Cebu for the Visayas region and Davao for the Mindanao area. Regional Extension Units are in Baguio-Cordillera Administrative Region, Iloilo, Cagayan de Oro and Zamboanga while planet offices are located in Pampanga, Calamba, Laguna, Legaspi, Bacolod and Tacloban. Core Functions In terms of Industry Regulation, it issues license to engage in overseas recruitment and manning to private recruitment agencies and ship manning companies.Hears and arbitrates complaints and cases filed against recruitment and manning agencies, foreign principals and employers, and overseas workers for reported misdemeanor of POEA rules and regulations, except for money claims. They too implement a system of incentives and penalty for private sector participants and sets borderline labor standards. Monitors overseas job advertisements on print, broadcast and television and lastly supervises the governments program on anti-illegal recruitment. And lastly imposes disciplinary actions on erring employers and workers and seafarers.Regarding their employment facilitation, they accredits/ registers foreign principals and employers hiring Filipino workers, approves manpower requests of foreign principals and employers, evaluates and processes employment contract, assists departing workers at the ports of exit, develops and monitors markets and conducts market research, conducts marketing missions, enters into memorandum of understanding on the hiring of Filipino workers with laborreceiving countries facilitates the deployment of workers leased through government-to-government arrangement and lastly they provides a system of workers registry.On provision of on-site remedies to OFWs to file complaints against employer or agency, OFWs may file complaints for violations of POEA rules against principal, employer, and/or Philippine recruitment agency at the Philippine Overseas Labor Office s (POLOs). Workers Protection The company (POEA), intensifies public procreation and information campaign, conducts pre-employment orientation and anti-illegal recruitment seminars nationwide, conducts Pre-Deployment Orientation Seminars (PDOS) to work ers hired through the government-to-government arrangement and name hires, provides technical supporter in the drafting of bilateral and multilateral greement, provides legal assistance to victims of illegal recruitment, prepares OFW global mapping and profiling, implements gender-sensitive programs, networks with non-government organizations, workers organizations, etcetera And they provides repatriation assistance Philippine Overseas Employment Administration, composed in addition the General Administration and Support Services which includes Human Resources Development, Property and Supplies Management, Financial Management, Information and Communication Technology, Plans and Policy Development and Quality Management organizationSummary of Activities The trainee completed a total of Two Hundred Forty Hours (240) of internship in Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA). The first day of on-the-job schooling (OJT) of the trainee started on the 15th day of April. On the first day, shes quite excited and nervous of what shell do on the company and on what surgical incision or division well she assigned. On the next day, the trainee deployed on her respective plane section together with her two co-trainees, she was assigned at the Cash Division.This departments job is divided into two first, the department collects allowance of OFWs, agencies other contractor connected to POEA, secondly the department also assigned in releasing of checks. Its superior because the trainee was assigned based on her path. During her training days, the trainee practice herself to wake up early in the morning just to be on time and until now her so proud to herself because she maintains it. The first task assigned was to segregate of used official receipts and filing vouchers by its nature.Before the trainee does the entire job, her mortal in charge, well-informed first before they allowed performing what operation shell have to do. On the first week, she was al so assigned to balance and record to the journal the collection report per collecting officer. They do this job weekly. by and by balancing and recording, the trainee encode the collection report in the course of which it includes HDMF, BMAD, OWWA, PHILHEALTH. But regularly, the trainee performed releasing of checks, answering peal calls, receiving vouchers and recording those checks by its nature from the office n charge (OIC) unto General fund (salaries of employees), MDS Trust (claimants), LBP sureness (payments for the service rendered by POEA). She was also assigning to photocopy some documents, filing the vouchers of the clients and designate to sign the clients on the voucher for the proof that the checks have been received. Regarding the participation, the trainee participate as a cashier 1 on the department when the time comes that some employees are not present. She acts as a cashier because there are a lot of OFWs who made their payments on their department.During the training at POEA, the trainee learned to interact with other quite a little especially to her co-trainees came from different States, Universities Colleges. We know that people have different characteristics and attitudes however making friends with the trainees co-workers doesnt make difficult. From the interaction the trainee made with them, the later learned to work with patience. She also learned from her co-workers experiences and mistakes and applies them whenever she needed it.The setting also on the department get pleasure from her employers because the entire person above her was so accommodating, supportive and concerned to her. They also encourage the trainee to go on with her studies until she become a professional. It was a bully experienced for her to train her ability on the POEA. The trainee also well-read how to be born-again into a hardworking person and be on time, pursue the policy and information that are contract to them. All of what she learned in the com pany will brought her sooner or later, especially when shes on a veracity of employment.And shes so grateful that at least in some way, for a short period of time, she became a part of the company (POEA). good word to the Company The company created a good service to their clients and gave the best training for the students. The trainee highly recommends to the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration to increase their employees/ manpower in every division. We all know that almost thousands of people, especially OFWs reports and go to the company.The trainee easily ascertained that the company must focus in terms of their manpower so that they must attain their general objectives which assigned as quickly as they can monitor and supervise recruitment agencies in the Philippines. Recommendation to the School Based on what she have experienced, its hard to have an on the job training in far places because its too exhausting and costly, for the reason that most of the companies d oesnt offer salary or allowance for their student trainees.Thats why they have to shoulder all the expenses from foods, house up to the other essential that they need. What can she recommend is that, they should allow students to have their on the job training at bottom Cavite because she believe that it is more progressive than before. There are lots of big companies and banks now that can also help students to develop their ability and comprehension and be more competitive someday.

Literature Review and Empirical Essay Example for Free

Literature Review and falsifiable EssayFrom the archaeozoic mid-eighties to the mid-nineties, the mensuration Rate increased modestly, but is still below its seventies level. While researchers read identified some reasons for the low UI recipiency rates everyplace the past twenty years, many questions remain as to the causes behind the low rate and steps that policy and program officials might pip to increase it. While the received Rate is the most commonly used measure to evaluate the effectuality of the UI program, researchers have developed alternative UI recipiency rates to address some of the limitations of the standard measure. The standard measure is expressed as the ratio of the insured indolent (i. e. , the number of invariable UI claimants) to the total number pink-slipped. Alternative measures have been designed to better capture the effectiveness of the UI program by including the full range of UI programs available to the unemployed (beyond the regular p rogram) and by more accurately defining the UI target population (a subset of unemployed workers).Purpose and methodological analysis The purpose of this report is to examine why the Standard Rate, as well as alternative recipiency rates, declined sagaciously in the early eighties and continued to remain well below their midseventies level in the early nineties. We critic solely(a)y reviewed the findings from the research literary works to explore the factors others have identified to explain the drop in the UI recipiency rate. The literature review enabled us to identify factors for inclusion in our empirical analysis and to assess the personal effects of factors that could non be take ond in our own analysis.Our empirical analysis is based primarily on the methodology used by Burtless and Saks (1984) and focuses only on changes in the UI recipiency rate over deferralary periods. It is important to canvas similar economic periods because the UI recipiency rate is higher duri ng recessionary periods and lower during periods of economic expansion. We first replicated the analysis from Burtless and Saks, estimating the effects of various factors that influenced the rate used in their trustworthy analysis from the seventies recession (1975-76) to the eighties recession (1981-83).We then extended their earlier analysis by testing the effects of additional factors during that period. Next, we updated the analysis to include data from the most recent recessionary period in the nineties (1991-92). We chose the period in the nineties to be consistent with the periods of rising unemployment rates selected by Burtless and Saks. Finally, we extended their analysis by using the Standard Rate and two additional measures of UI recipiency selected to measure the performance of the UI programs during recessionary periods.Our conclusions about the effects of various factors on the UI recipiency rate are based on the findings from both the critical review of the literat ure and our empirical analysis. We as well present evaluation design options to address some of the limitations of current knowledge. The Lewin Group, Inc. E-1 156059 Executive Summary C. UI Recipiency Rate Measures quadruple UI recipiency rate measures were selected for the empirical analysis.Standard Rate number of weekly claims for regular program unemployment insurance arrive ats, as a proportion of all unemployed workers1 exclusively Programs Rate number of weekly claims for all program (regular, extended and federal) unemployment insurance benefits, as a proportion of all unemployed workers Standard short-term Rate number of weekly claims for regular program unemployment insurance benefits, as a proportion of handicraft losers unemployed less than 27 weeks and All Programs excogitate bankruptcy Rate number of weekly claims for all program (regular, extended and federal) unemployment insurance benefits, as a proportion of all job losers.The final threesome UI recipiency rates deviate from the Standard Rate by changing the definition of UI claimants, unemployed workers, or both. Because the All Programs Rate and the All Programs Job Loser Rate include all UI program claimants, Wandner and Stengle (1996) argue that they are generally better measures of UI coverage during recessionary periods when extended benefit programs are provided. The All Programs Job Loser Rate differs from the All Programs Rate because it targets a subset of unemployed workers (i. e. , job losers) who would be most likely to cut back for UI benefits. The Standard Short-term Rate only includes regular program claimants and the general target population for the regular state program, job losers unemployed less than 27 weeks.This final measure was used in the original Burtless and Saks analysis. All three alternative rates are enormousr than the Standard Rate because they use all a more expansive definition of UI claimants and/or a more restrictive definition of unemployed wo rkers. From the seventies to the eighties, all four recipiency rates declined sharply (Exhibit 1). The largest reductions are for the All Programs Rate and the All Programs Job Loser Rate. These rates declined by more than the Standard Rate because of the large cutbacks in the extended benefit programs that were implemented in the early eighties. From the eighties to the nineties, the Standard Rate increased slightly.There is not, however, a large change in either the All Programs or All Programs Job Loser rates over this period, due to the small number of extended claimants. If, however, the analysis were extended to periods following March 1992, there would be an increase in both of these rates because of the extension of benefits through the Emergency Unemployment Compensation (EU3) program. 2 The Standard Short-term Rate follows the same general pattern as the Standard Rate, though there is a much sharper drop-off in the Standard Short-term rate in the early eighties that corres ponds with fewer short term job losers receiving regular program benefits.

Developing Customer Relations Essay Example for Free

Developing node Relations Essay1.0 IntroductionCustomer aid is the provision of service to client before during and after a purchase also its the king of an organisation to recognise and consistently meet its nodes needEmployees may find them self in a situation that they sold a product and the node is been arrogant saying it is faulty they need to hang in calm2.0 Providing Customer ServiceA new employee can provide good client service by been well presented on their first day and wearing their uniform appropriately greeting the customer politely. 3.0 Presentation SkillsIn this section I am going to say why creation skills be in-chief(postnominal) to customer serviceSkillWhy it is alphaAs this is merit grade work, I need to expand each box. You need at least three points for each on why this is importantExamples from businessYou need a couple of cases from businesses in each boxPersonal origination e.g. personal hygiene, uniform/ dress, hair, makeup jewelleryThe way a n employee presents himself identifies who they argon. It is important beca accustom your initiation of your self and the business is the customer first opinion if they business is dirty then the customer wouldnt come there againCustomers in Tesco Sainsburys wear uniform to make them look smart and they hire to wear the uniform properly for example an employee might wear his uniform but not wear it smartly like not tucking in his shirt in companies like B Q the employees dress to stand out by wearing pearlescent orangeAlso in the police force it is required to wear uniformBody wording e.g. posture, facial expression, smiling, gestures, eye contactBody language has an impact on the customers perception of how friendly the mental facultys argon. The consistency language of an employee is important because it shows how the employee feels rough the customer and how approachable they areIf a customer ask a staff in a company like Primark where is the T shirts and they are frown ing it means the staff there is unfriendlyIn JD Sports if it is empty and there are no customers in there and the employees have a conversation then a customer comes in and has a query, the employee might frown when he comes in because he is interrupting his conversationPresentation of work area and equipmentThe presentation of the work area shows how prepared the staff are and how good the environment, it is important because it shows how prepared they are to start business and also the presentation shows how hygienic they areIf in McDonalds the tables are dirty it entrust put off customers and they wouldnt eat in thereGreeting Customers, Courtesy, Confidence, Interest, ThoughtfulnessIt is important because it shows that the employee cares that a customer is there and it makes the customer feel pleasingIf you greet a customer every time they come in to your business they would attract more customers to your business by telling them how polite employees in the business areRespon ding to different customer behaviour, Tact, abilityIt is important to adapt to different customers and situation because all customers arent the same and they will have different emplacement towards the employee/ businessIf a customer complains about how bad service is and you respond to them quickly it would show that youre drearOf voice, pitch, language e.g. technical language, use of slangHow you communicate to customer is important because all customers are normally different e.g. you talk to old people different from teenagersWhen you talk to an old lady you talk slow so they can hear you properly but when you are talking to teenager you can use some slangsAlso in a company like Pc World if someone was about to buy a computer you would speak to them in technical language e.g. the computer has 512mb ram e.t.c and if the customer doesnt understand it you explain to themListening, body language, appropriateness to customer situationYour listening skills to a customer is import ant because if you dont listen to them while you are talking to feels rude and employee should be able to adapt to different situations because there are different kinds of customersIf a customer asks a capitulum like where is the toilet and you keep on telling them to repeat it. They wouldnt come back again to the business.Also there might be4.0 interpersonal SkillsIn this section I am going to say why interpersonal skills are important to customer service.Interpersonal Skills relate to the way you bear when you are dealing with separate people and they are important because it makes communication clear.Attitudes, Behaviour, First impression are aspects of interpersonal skillsThe post of a staff to customer the first time they come in matter because that is their first impression and thats what they will tell other people about the businessIn a Supermarket if a customer asks where an item and the employee replies go extraneous is to the customer it will put them off and they w ouldnt come backBehaviour this is closely linked to attitude because this influences what you do and why you do it. A friendly person will normally behave in a cheerful way also if u enjoys working with people you will normally behave in a courteous and thoughtful way5.0 Communication SkillsIn this section I am going to talk about communication skillsCommunication Skills are important to customer service. It is crucial that schooling is clear and accurate. In customer service employees must be able to explain companys policies to customers and answer question about product and service.Tone, Pace, Pitch of voice, Slang and Listening are aspects of communication skillsTone is difference between the way you talk to a supervisor and your friend. Tone is how informal or formal you are and the vestige of your voiceSlang includes word used informally such as waste of space, chill. None should be used in business when talking to an external customer.Pace relates to the speed at which you speak and should be varied depending on your audience.Listening skills are invaluable in business particularly in the adjacent situations e.g. when a customer is telling you about his or her needs or preferences, when you are been given breeding to give to someone.Pitch of voice relates to how you sound. A low pitched voice is deep and gruff, a broad(prenominal) pitched voice easily sound shrill. Varying your pitch makes you sound more interesting and enables you to convey people attention better if you speak in a monotone6.0 Customer Service SituationsI am going to explain which skills are important in the following situation face to face, on the telephone, email, urgent situations, and difficult situations either it is Interpersonal Skills, Presentation Skills, Communication Skills.Face to Face I convey communication skills are the most essential skills when an employee is facing a problem face to face because although your presentation and interpersonal skills is important t he employee is facing them and the way he communicates matter. The most important communication skills is their listening skills because it will show how effective they are to deal with the problemTelephone I assume communication skills are the most essential skills when an employee if dealing with a problem on the phone because

Continuing Academic Success Essay Example for Free

continuing pedantic advantage EssayOf course everyone wants to be achieverful It takes 100% of effort and determination to be successful. Maintaining presumptive goals keeps you on track for the road of success. If you keep your goals in mind, you will not astray from them. Achieving goals that you have touch on for yourself is your responsibility. It is easy to get distracted from your academic goals, if they are not maintained on a quotidian basis. Continuing academic success has overhauled numerous of students succeed. Continuing academic success means to have an receipts by resuming academic growth in an educational environment. Success is the ability to plan, be persistent, set goals, and strive them. There are so many funda psychicals for continuing academic success, in which your attitude has a long impact on your academic structure. Accomplishing academic goals are an advantage for growth and numerous opportunities. Continuing your academic success is importan t in which you conduct research to garner intimacy. Another important requirement needed for success is to set goals. The best decision any person could make is to plan forrad for your desired position in life. Applying dexteritys from your resources in or outside of school can also help you to be successful.Gaining KnowledgeAcknowledging your learning style gives you insight on how to obtain a constructive design towards success. There are 3 different modes of learning styles which are ocular, kinesthetic, and auditory. In visual mode, you can trace your learning preferences if you can learn by pictures, Shapes, sculpture, or paintings. Some individuals prefer learning by gestures, be movements, object manipulation and positing, which is kinesthetic. Last but not least, there is the auditory mode which includeslistening, rhythms, tone and chants. gibe to, Alsop Ryan, 1996, learning styles have a profound impact on learning. Personal awareness of learning styles and comb ine in communicating this is the first steps towards achieving an optimal learning environment. (Alsop Ryan, 1996.)Discovering your personal learning style helps you with your skill development. This also gives you personal awareness and helps you to utilize your thinking skills effectively. well-read your learning style helps you to navigate through and through your career and helps you to be in control of your own success. For instance, Omrod, 2008, p.106 wrote, Some cognitive styles and dispositions do seem to regularise how and what information is presented through words (verbal learners), whereas others seem to learn better when its presented through pictures (visual learners). Thus educational psychology students and aspiring teachers are being taught that students have particular learning styles and that these styles should be accommodated by counseling tailored to those learning styles. Having knowledge of my personal learning style helps me to make better judgments, whe n deciding on my point of view on a particular subject. I believe that being a visual learner, is a great way to learn. Most things people know is by seeing with their eyes and watching. When watching, its easier to learn a lot about people and things that are beneficial to you. I learn a lot about my surroundings and things about myself, being a visual learner. It is easy for me to organize information, arrange problems and develop theories. I believe being a visual learner is a strong summation because it helps me attain on higher levels on a daily basis in everyday life. It is more than convenient, well an advantage to know your learning style and to utilize it. impersonateting inclinationsSuccess comes from acquiring a positive mentality, preparing and focusing on desired goals. Success is making the best choices to prevent failure and to succeed. Success requires a challenge and commitment and helps an individual to effect goals. It is based on Ryan (1970) premise that c onscious goals modify action. A goal is the object or aim of an action, for example, to attain a specific standard of proficiency, usually within a specified time limit. As industrial-organizational psychologists, ourprimary interest has been to predict, explain, and influence performance on organizational or work-related labor movements. Thus, we focused on the relationship between conscious performance goals and level of task performance rather than on discrete intentions to take specific actions (e. g. , to apply to graduate school, to get a medical examination). According to Dobbins, Pettman, 1997, Set Goals Its mandatory to set goals, so that you can be successful. Goal setting can help an individual tremendously because they can set short term goals and accomplish them.I have many goals, dreams and aspirations My lifetime goal is to become a CEO of a vitamin D fortune company 10 years from now. Setting short term goals can help me achieve my long term goals and get closer to my dreams. Setting goals can also give me a calm of mind and keep me focused . Time management gives you the opportunity to get a lot through with(p) throughout the day. Eventually you will be able to accomplish small to larger tasks. Setting goals and managing time, you would for sure achieve your set goals. Skills that you learn daily from school or your personal life can be used as transferable skills that will help you advance at being successful. We know that success is derived from both knowledge and positive mental attitude. We also know that failure is strongly associated with lack of knowledge and negative attitudes. Focusing upon desired goals stimulates excitement and enthusiasm, which are in turn strongly associated with positive mental attitude. Very few people are prepared to set goals. Most people are not prepared to learn more or make the necessary efforts to be more positive.Apply SkillsThe paper process helps you advance in your education and career because its easy to brain storm. Applying knowledge you gain will always be beneficial. Academic integrity is important you are taking responsibility for your work. As far as conducting research and citing information where you have found your sources. plagiarisation a complex concept, argues Sutherland-Smith, who isolates hexad elements of plagiarism (pp. 70-3) from the work of Peccorari (2002) language borrowed or stolen source, by whom, without acknowledgement, with or without intent to deceive. Plagiarism comes with consequences if one isnt careful. There is a possibility of being expelled from school. ConclusionContinuing academic success is a great path to take. On continuing your education you learn to gain knowledge, set goals and apply what you have learned. Knowing your learning style will also help you to achieve in being successfulReferencesDobbins, R., Pettman, B. O. (1997). Set goals. Equal Opportunities International, 16(6/7), 9-43.ProQuest Central.Robertson, L., Smellie, T., Wilson, P. (2011, March). Learning Styles and Fieldwork Education Students perspectives. New Zealand Journal of Occupational Therapy, 58(1), 36-40. ProQuest Central.Ryan, T. A. (1970). Intentional behavior. New York Ronald Press White, G. (2009) ). Plagiarism The internet and student learning-improving academic http//faculty.washington.edu/janegf/goalsetting.htmlintegrity. Australian Journal of Education,53(2), 209-211

Fashion marketing Essay Example for Free

Fashion marketing canvassFashion marketing over the years has changed considerably. This has been due to number reasons which include culture, lifestyles, technology and the media. A carapace student of a student will be used.Culture is a link between cardinal components what people think, what they do, and thematerial products they produce but also has the property of shaping behaviour andconsciousness indoors a human society (Hofstede, 2001)Fashion marketing and culture be closely linked.People who are members of the same culture, most of the times have an unwritten codebetween them for many sectors of their life social and private. Eskimos are a great exampleof such unusual habits, which offer their wife to their visitor during the first off night and theysimply mean Thank you with this gesture. Moreover, people around the world use oppositemovements of their face, detention and body to express their feelings and a foreign student forcefeel embarrassed, annoyed or blow out of the water when encounters incidents like the one mentionedabove or ones that are totally new and beyond his expectations.Read more than Fashion essayA Student may facedifficulties to adapt to the climate of the new estate as well, which might be too warm ortoo cold for the standards of his home town. Additionally, the diet most probably will bedifferent and this may make him feel sick or enthusiast about this. The most important aspectof a foreign students life will be the educational system and fashion, which may differ fromthe relationship between teacher and student, to the way the courses are world taught andgaining employment in the fashion industry due to different cultural norms and values.Thegeneral rule of feel at this point is that, after a period of time, the culture abroad maynow ascend the normal way of living . The feelings, that have arisen from this wholesituation of encountering a new culture, are distinctly different to what had been witnessed in Bulgaria. The most efficient way for a foreigner, student or traveller, before number intocontact with another culture is to be prepared about the variation among cultures and fashiontrends.One essential notice that if a stranger meets another culture, but put aside any egoisticfeelings that might have, which do not let him understand the different lifestyles amongpeople, will only gain from this interaction. Nowadays, that many countries start out multi-cultural, it is important for the locals and the foreigners to try cooperating with each other inorder both of them to live smoothly together. (Hofstede, 2001)The precondition fashion holistically covers a plethora of different trends and styles. It has beenobserved in the UK that many people dress to displace and others dress for attention purposes.Youngsters in the UK are fair more and more fashionable and are becoming consciousof new trends and styles. People in the UK always strive to look their best which ispainstakingly different to what it is like in Bulgaria where they seem reasonably content withwhatever they wear.Whether people in the UK dress smartly, erosion the latest designerlabels that cost a fortune or whether they wear black Gothic apparel and cover their faces inthick make up, they take pride in their appearance which seems like a cultural norm in theUK. (Connor, 1997)

Domestic Terrorism Essay Example for Free

domesticated terrorism Es dictateAccording to Section 802 of the Patriot Act, the definition of national act of terrorist act is superstar that encompasses acts committed within the b cab arts of the United States, and is one where a person or boldness commits an act that is dangerous to human life that is a violation of the criminal laws of a state or the United States, if the act appears to be intended to (i) intimidate or coerce a civilian creation (ii) influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion or (iii) to pretend the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination or kidnapping (ACLU, 2002). It is safe to say that the face of terrorism has always been changing, and municipal terrorism is not something new in the wake of 9/11 rather it is now run by smarter operations, elaborate infrastructures, and with perhaps strong connections to international terrorism groups and organizations. Domestic and internationally based groups take on c ome to realize they sack help one different in achieving their goals, or aiming at specific targets. Their common enemy is US Policy be it domestic or international and both types of organizations hold made attacks at government agencies and bodies.The most notable of novel domestic terrorism attacks, is perhaps that of McVeigh and Nichols and the Oklahoma City Bombing. Their target was the FBI headquarters, and there has been circulated discourse on the foreign connections Nichols had antecedent to the bombing. It has been also cited that he had domestic militant group connections, in particular Posse Comitatus He attended meetings in Michigan of the Posse Comitatus, a militant, right-wing organization founded by Col. William Potter Gale and headed by James Wickstrom.Members of Posse Comitatus, according to legal documents released prior to McVeighs trial, have for years been in contact with Iraq and other rogue Arab nations that sh be a hatred of Israel (OMeara, 2001). A nother such example of domestic terrorism is They array of God and their crusade against gay night clubs, anti-abortion clincs, and doctors. They have been kn avouch to bomb clinics and nightclubs, having taken claim for 1997 bombings of a clinic and a nightclub in Atlanta, Georgia. It was also suggested, that the 2001 anthrax earns could have been connected to the groupThat letter spoke of the ungodly communist regime in New York and called for death to the New World severalise and bore the nom de guerre signature of accused abortion-clinic bomber Eric Rudolph. In addition to the letters sent to Daschle and Brokaw, more than blow abortion clinics also received letters containing white powder, of which a handful made reference to the the States of God, an extremist antiabortion group (2001). There is a connection of Rudolph with the Aryan Nation, another organization who has been referenced to have foreign connections.What is significant in these examples is the opportunist at titudes of the domestic militant groups, and arguably, vice versa. The chief element is business organization when it comes to how both domestic and international terrorism groups work, and in this way they certainly help each other. Domestic terrorism, however, is not just based on right-wing militants with political agendas. Left-wing and environmental groups aimed at protect society are often overshadowed by their right-wing counterparts.Notable early participants in left-wing terrorism were various socialist and anarchist groups from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Leon Czolgocz, who shot President William McKinley in 1901, embraced anarchist beliefs, though no anarchist group would accept him for membership (Knight, 2004). However, it is perhaps religious- and social- militant groups tagged under right-wing that have been of more concern in recent times, despite heavy proclaim often seen by environmental and anti-globalization groups.With the changes in th e Patriot Act, and the steady advancement of technology, it is little wonder that the network be considered such a powerful tool in the fight against terrorism as salubrious as the fight for terrorism. Many militant and terrorist groups freely use the Internet to advertise, broadcast and relay messages to one another. It is no surprise, then that varaning Internet usage should spark such a controversy. FBI and law enforcement should monitor activity of known militant groups, but it is such a hazy area in regards to firstly Amendment rights.Were monitoring to become a daily occurrence on the Internet, no doubt there would be another means of communication and way to incite violence as there was in the decades prior to the Internet. In August, 2004, the Electronic Frontier Foundation compiled a best-practices list for online service providers (OSPs) wherein it recommended that OSPs set policies to minimize entropy retention to limit their liability risks, avoid the high cost of having to search through all their entropy upon the receipt of a subpoena, and protect the privacy of their users (Gardella, 2006).The Internet is the embodiment of First Amendment rights, with the exchange of ideas and the ability to conversation freely at the heart of its ongoing success. Should legislation make Internet monitoring an acceptable practice, it could corrupt the fabric of society and alone force groups to work more underground than they already are. The innocent civilian would still be the victim. The grant-funded Hamm Report evaluated and compared the methods undertaken by domestic and international terrorism groups. Predominantly, it highlighted the different means happy by each organization and uncovered thatInternational jihad groups are statistically more believably than domestic right-wing groups to commit aircraft and motor vehicle-related crimes violations of explosive materials and firearms violations. Right-wing domestic groups are more potential to c ommit mail fraud racketeering robbery/burglary and violations involving machine guns and destructive devices (Hamm, 2005). What this largely suggests is that, not only are domestic groups more ready and able to work within the infrastructure of the country, but are prepared to commit small-scale warfare on national targets.International groups, given distances and so forth, were more liable to commit terrorism acts of a larger scale, though not any less devastating than their domestic counterparts. What was also significant in the report was the type of person which domestic groups would recruit contrasted the jihadists, domestic right-wing groups recruit individuals specifically for their criminal skills. Typically headed by charismatic leaders, domestic groups are most successful at acquiring false identity documents, manufacturing illegal firearms, armored truck and cuss robbery, and murder.They are surveillance experts, often spending weeks taking into account every moment in the taken-for-granted order of daily routines in and around their targets (Hamm) It is logical to consider, if not also alarming that many right-wing groups have branches and feelers within the penal system and arguably do a lot of recruiting from the inside. International groups, as renowned in the Hamm Report, do not rely heavily on specialists for mundane tasks, however there is prestigiousness considered in both groups it is an honor to be chosen. The concept of terrorism is two-fold the act itself, and the fear of an act occurring.It is in this sense that domestic and international terrorism wave the same banner and are equally liable for devastating lives be it from bombing a nightclub, to an underground network behind car bombings. It is the threat that it could risk that has become imprinted in peoples minds. Arguably though, perhaps the more concern should be dictated on domestic terrorism and the measures used to not only prevent it but to track the groups involved. They are using the system from the postal system, to recruitment through the penal system and this is as dangerous if not more so as an international group training overseas.The threat, as they say, is in our own backyard and we can not combat other threats if we are unable to contain the ones running rife within our own borders. References _. How the USA PATRIOT Act redefines Domestic Terrorism ACLU, 2002 (http//www. aclu. org/natsec/emergpowers/14444leg20021206. html ) Gardella, T. M Beyond Terrorism The capableness Chilling Effect on the Internet of Broad Law Enforcement Legislation. St. Johns Law Review. Spring 2006. (http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_qa3735/is_200604/ai_n17173795 ) Hamm, M.Crimes attached by Terrorist Groups Theory, Research, and Prevention Department of Justice, NCJRS, September 2005 (http//www. ncjrs. gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/211203. pdf ) Knight, J. Terrorism, Domestic (United States). Encyclopedia of Espionage, Intelligence, and Security. (2004). ( http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_gx5211/is_2004/ai_n19126728 ) OMeara, K. P. Iraq connections to U. S. extremists Nation Domestic Terrorism Cover Story. Insight on the News. Nov 19, 2001. (http//findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_m1571/is_43_17/ai_80309410 )

Challenges Faced by Hr Management Essay Example for Free

Challenges Faced by Hr wariness actChallenges faced by HR management when signifi toleratet staff cutbacks occur and how they should be addressed downsize is never easy on the Human option department. In fact, if not handled properly, it could be detrimental to the general organization. Here are some challenges that come along with downsizing Addressing the shifting morale and needs of the live employees, maintaining the productivity and profitability of the organization, and retaining skilled, and qualified employees.Staff cutbacks can leave the surviving employees feeling demoralized, bitter, angry, and in shock. single role of Human Resource anxiety is to act as an employee advocate. In a time of custody reduction, communicating with employees as well as acknowledging their concerns and fears, can work to rebuild the employees sense of tribute in the workplace and help him/her to reengage in the culture of the organization. Through strategic Human Resource Management and planning, the shared values and beliefs of the organization can be reinforced to its employees and the collective value of the capabilities, knowledge, skills, life experiences, and penury of the organizational workforce can be retained.Once there has been a major reduction in force within an organization, productivity and profitability caexercisings a main target of Human Resource management. unmatchable HR strategy would be to give to a greater extent hours and responsibility to existing workers. However, eventually employees will become overworked and productivity will suffer. Utilizing alternative tactics such as hiring contingent or temporary workers is a strategic HR plan to maintain productivity and profitability while not having to pay the constitute of benefits.Reducing turnover of qualified and skilled employees is an ongoing effort of Human Resource Management. Employees who survive workforce cuts tend to disengage the culture of the organization because they ha ve lost faith in the organization creation a lifetime employer. When an organization goes through a massive layoff process, the employee retention efforts of Human Resource Management could intensify. Employee retention efforts may include, constantly communicating with employees, and paying attention to surviving employees. As an example of a strategic Human Resource plan to hold on to skilled employees, an alternative work emplacement such as telecommuting might be offered to a worker.The functionality of Human Resources is always changing to adjoin the ever evolving needs of an organization. For example, when Xerox decided to downsize, the function of Human Resources became environmental scanning strategic planning. The restructuring cultivation however, included more than just a reduction in force. It was determined that the Human Resource entity demand to be streamlined and become a more efficient part of the organization. As a result, the use of technology, and maintainin g employee retention was the core that developed HR into a more strategic part of the Xerox organization. in that location are two purposes that HR technology serves in an organization. The first is to improve the faculty of employee entropy and HR activities collection. At Xerox, the use of HR technology has been instrumental in making HR services more accessible to their workforce.The second purpose of HR technology is to capture a greater degree of informational data that enables HR planning and managerial decision making. Again, Xerox made use of this aspect by render intranet employee surveys and tracking employee views on the company and HR. The information gathered allowed HR and managers to address areas that received lower rafts on the survey. These efforts by the company and the HR department have had an effect on employee retention at Xerox.As stated earlier, reducing turnover of qualified and skilled employees is an ongoing effort of Human Resource Management. Xerox has made retaining especially high-potential employees a priority. Organizations have found that keeping good employees can be a challenge. However, in an effort to keep skilled and or high performing employees booked and embracing the organizational culture and HR values of an organization, some employers will offer incentives. Employers, such as Xerox, will invest in employee training and development.Although this can be a double edge blade by potentially making an employee more marketable for other organizations, employers have found that when they invest in employees through job training and or monetary compensation, employee job satisfaction increases and employees are more potential to stay. In addition, employees who are engaged in an organization are more likely to be go on performers and miss fewer work days.In summation, both technology and employee retention are key in HR development because they both lend to the culture of an organization. 1. Technology by improving t he administrative efficiency of HR, and the responsiveness of HR to employees and managers. 2. Employee retention by maintaining employees who through their experience and loyalty to the organization, becomes a core talent and perpetuates the values and cultures to newer employees.

Understanding European history Essay Example for Free

Understanding European history EssayAlthough experiencing a outcome of expanding understanding and geographical horizons, European history in the late 16th and early seventeenth centuries witnessed, on the whole, a profoundly intolerant age. To clarify our opinion, we must first introduce European history at a lower place the literary history of this age. Here, we will display our understanding of European history in the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries, the one by Brecht or the one by Montaigne as two noteworthy authors of the Renaissance age.Herr Bertolt Brecht in relation to European drama and theatre Anyone who was anyone in Germany and France wrote historical dramas. It is therefore apprehensible that the poets of inner conflicts, the prophets of the Byronic hero, also emerged as writers of historical drama and often released the two themes in the same play. The around important condition a historical drama should fulfill when it was to be per constella tioned was that should repreticuloendothelial syste custodyt history as an all-embracing system and as a fight which helps to define identity.Unlike ONeil and Pirandello, however, Brecht does not want the witnesser to identify or feel empathy with his heroes. In 1922, he noted in his diary I expect in Baal and Jungle Ive avoided one common artistic bloomer that of trying to carry people away. Instinctively, Ive unbroken my distance and ensured that the realization of my. effects remains within bounds. The spectators splendid isolations is left intact it is not sua res quae agitur. Consequently, Brecht draws quite different conclusions from the concept of the impossibility of item-by-itemity in Baal than do ONeil or Pirandello in their work.Brecht opposes the image of the ever-constant tragic or polyvalent absurd being (Sein) of man with the theorem of mans changeability. He designed the comedy Mann IST Mann (Man equals Man) as a kind of experimental apparatus which would dem onstrate the basic pre-conditions of re-assembling one personality into another. Herr Bertolt Brecht maintains man equals man- a view that has been around since time began. But then Herr Brecht points out how far one can cheat and manipulate that man.All of Brechts re-writs began from the insight gained from Baal, that man is nothing without his social and economic relations (One is none) and that it is only through with(predicate) relationships that he becomes something these relationships prove to be not primarily human ones but rather relationships based on commodity exchange. Such relationships of ownership turn man into an object which can be used in a negative or positive way, according to the situation, and this can be demonstrated experimentally. Brecht developed the form of Lehrstuck in response to a very specific problem which repeatedly confronted his theater in the signifier of 1920s.It concerns, on the one hand, the radical type, and, on the other, the middle-class audience response to it. Brecht presumes that there can be no various(prenominal)ity in the way conceived by the former bourgeoisie, and that no definitive statements can be made on cutting trans-individual man since it can only rise as the result of a lasting process of development. Brecht felt supported in this view by Marxism, which defines man as a changeable and world-changing being, whose consciousness is determined through his social being.The new man, who will be formed as a product of situation where there is no bourgeoisie, in a classless gild, thus cannot be defined and fixed in advance. The dramatic poet in my view is merely someone who records history. He stands to a higher place history, however, in that he creates history for a second time and places us directly in the flavor of a certain time, instead of providing a dry account he provides characters instead of characteristics, and figures instead of descriptions.It is his great ask to come as close as he can t o history as it sincerely yours happened. Brecht constructed as antithesis, from similar points of departure he arrives at completely opposite conclusion The absolute self-fulfillment of the vital individual, liberated from all moral scruples is impossible in bourgeois society, since this form of society forces everyone to fit in and its conventions stand in total opposition to the individuals claim to happiness and eradicate individuality. The individual who sets himself up to be absolute, who lives out his insatiable sexual lust, his incontinent consumption of food and drink, is a ridiculous social being who either falls into the realms of the mythic or becomes part of the circle of temper- from the white mothers uterus to the dark womb of the earth- and dissolves his own individuality. Brecht turns his conclusion into a positive one- something only Hugo von Hofmannsthal had recognized at that time. Michel de Montaignes strives in the Renaissance ageMantaigne essentially inv ented the literary form of see, a short subjective treatment of a given topic, of which the book contains a vast number. Essay is French for trial or attempt. Montaigne wrote in a kind of crafted rhetoric designed to intrigue and involve the reader, sometimes appearing to move in a stream-of-thought from topic to topic and at other times employing a structured style which gives more fury to the didactic nature of his work. His arguments are often supported with quotes from classical Greek and Roman texts. Montaignes stated mark in his book is to describe man, and especially himself, with utter frankness.As an essayist, his great project centered on the sustained delineation of only one character, which was Montaignes character. He finds the great variety and volatility of human nature to be its most basic features. A typical quote is I have never seen a greater monster or miracle than myself, He describes his own poor memory, his ability to solve problems and mediate conflicts without truly getting emotionally involved, his disgust for mans pursuit of lasting fame, and his attempts to detach himself from worldly things to prepare for death.Montaigne is known for popularizing the essay as a literary genre. He became famous for his effortless ability to merge serious intellectual speculation with casual anecdotes and autobiography- and his massive volume essays (translated literally as Attempts) contains, to this day, some of the most widely potent essays ever written. Montaigne had a direct influence on writers the world over, from William Shakespeare to Rene Descartes, from Ralph Waldo Emerson to Stephan Zweig.Montaigne freely borrowed of others, and he has found men willing to borrow of him as freely. We need not wonder at the reputation which he with seem facility achieved. He was, without being aware of it, the leader of a new school in earn and morals. His book was different from all others which were at that date in the world. It diverted the anci ent currents of thought into new channels.It told its readers, with unexampled frankness, what its writers opinion was about men and things, and threw what must have been a strange kind of new light on many matters but darkly understood. Above all, the essayist uncased himself, and made his intellectual and physiologic organism public property. He took the world into his confidence on all subjects. His essays were a sort of literary anatomy, where we get a diagnosis of the writers mind, made by himself at different levels and under a large variety of operating influences.It was reasonable enough that Montaigne should expect for his work a certain share of notoriety in Gascony, and even, as time went on, throughout France but it is scarcely probable that he foresaw how his notoriety was to become world-wide how he was to occupy an almost unique position as a man of garner and a moralist how the Essays would be read, in all the principal languages of Europe, by millions of intelli gent human beings, who never heard of Perigord or the League, and who are in doubt, if they are questioned, whether the author lived in the sixteenth or the eighteenth century.This is true fame. A man of genius belongs to no period and no country. He speaks the language of nature, which is evermore everywhere the same. Evaluating the difference between Brecht and MontaigneThus, if the Stream of things is a mixture of dying and regeneration, the thought problems confronting us are dialectical, in the identity of opposites, of negative and positive and also linguistic, in the logical validity of sentences and the mutual expulsion of their meanings and also aesthetic, in so far as one aspect of the dead moons continued behavior is its perception as strange fremd by even one last living being, its estrangement of itself and of that being.Finally, actor intervenes, and intersects the vast sublunary landscape of all that is raising its own linguistic and dialectical questions. Brecht was willing to force the issue even more pointedly, as in his suggestion that although the purely biological death of the individual IS uninteresting to society, dying ought none the less to be taught. It is probably less a Montaigne-like aspiration than the fashion of themes surrounding Die Massnahme from this same period.A social Tao, on the other hand, is surely bound up with the issues of technology and modernity raised above, to which we will return in conclusion.Bibliography References used in the current essay 1. History of European drama and theatre, Erika Fischer-Lichte, Jo Riley. Pages 232-238-315-317-318 2. The Complete Essays of Michel de Montaigne, Vol. 1 of 2. Michel de Montaigne. Pages 1-2 3. Brecht and method, Fredric Jameson. Page 171